【作者】 李娜；

【导师】 陈刚；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 从古希腊一直到近现代,身心问题始终是哲学家们关注的焦点。柏拉图,亚里士多德,笛卡尔,斯马特,金在权,普特南,戴维森等哲学家对于这个问题都提出了自己的见解,却始终无法阐明其奥妙所在。这个问题的研究一度陷入困境。心灵哲学的自然主义转向导致意识问题成为心灵哲学的最核心问题。神经科学的进步则更加促进了对意识的科学探索,给身心问题的解决带来转机。在这一方面,埃德尔曼做出了最为实质性的工作。受到达尔文进化论的影响,他认为大脑的形成同样遵循进化原则。意识是一个过程而不是一个事物,意识过程是众多不同大脑区域中大量神经元细胞分布式活动的结果。从意识的普遍性质出发,埃德尔曼提出了一个运用神经元群体活动来解释大脑工作的整体理论——神经元达尔文主义即神经元群体选择理论。神经元达尔文主义从进化和选择角度阐释了大脑的神经元事件如何产生意识,特质感受性是什么,意识的产生和大脑神经元群体的活动过程之间有怎样的因果关系等问题。本文在阐释埃德尔曼的理论的基础上对神经元达尔文主义进行了分析与评价。埃德尔曼的理论在神经科学的基础上解释了意识形成的物理过程,但这也导致他走向了一元论的还原物理主义。精神事件与物理事件是两种不同的存在,两者不能还原,因此,对身心问题的解决有赖于非还原的理论。更多还原

【Abstract】 From Ancient Greece to modern times, the“mind-body problem”has always been the focus of attention of philosophers. Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Smart, Kim, Putnam, Davidson and other philosophers had raised their own opinions on this issue, but they all had failed to clarify the mystery. Research on this issue had been in the difficult position at one time..As the result of the transformation of Philosophy of Mind to Naturalism, the problems of consciousness are the most cores of the issues in Philosophy of Mind. And the development in neuroscience promotes the further research on consciousness, which brings a favorable turn to the settlement of the“mind-body problem”. In this regard, Edelman who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine made the most substantive work. Under the impact of Darwin’s theory of evolution, he believed that the formation of the brain follows the same principle. Consciousness is a process rather than a thing, and the process of consciousness is the outcome of distributed activities of numerous neurons in diverse regions of the brain. From the perspective of fundamental properties of consciousness, Edelman proposed a global theory in which neuron groups’activities are utilized to explain the operation of brain ---- Neural Darwinism or the Theory of Neuronal Group Selection(TNGS). Neural Darwinism explained how the consciousness arised from the neuronal activities of the brain from the perspective of evolution and selection, qualia, and the causation between the generation of consciousness and the neuronal groups activities of brain, etc.This paper will analyze and evaluate Neural Darwinism based upon the illumination of Edelman’s theory. Edelman’s theory explained the physical processes of the formation of consciousness inspired by neuroscience, but finally led him to Monism’s Reductive Materialism. Mental events differ from physical events as existence, and mental events can not be reduced by physical events. Therefore, the solution of the“mind-body problem”depends on the non-reductive theory.更多还原