【作者】 陈明益；

【导师】 万小龙；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 科学精神不是经典科学哲学研究的问题,但应该是广义的科学哲学研究的问题。特别是由于近年来科学、技术与社会(STS)这一研究领域的兴起,因而探讨科学精神就有其必要性。国内目前对科学精神的研究十分活跃,成果很多,但总的观点是把科学精神当作科学文化哲学领域和科学传播领域的一个现象或问题。可能由于理解上的差异,国外对科学精神的专门研究不多。在总结国内外研究成果的基础上,本文提出了科学精神的一种总体性认识。科学精神根源于科学的精神传统,表现为科学家的精神气质和科学的精神特质。科学家的精神气质是科学家受到科学方法和科学知识的塑造以及科学思想的熏陶而形成的独特的个人品质、道德情操和行为特征。当科学成为一项社会建制后,科学家的精神气质又发展为约束科学共同体成员的价值规范。科学精神作为科学的一种属性,不同于科学的社会属性和文化属性,它内在地使科学深入到人类生活的其他领域,推动科学发挥更广泛的积极功能。科学精神作为人类精神的一个重要部分,不同于人文精神和既非科学精神也人文精神的巫术、迷信等,它体现了科学的本性以及人类最优秀的智力成果。但是,仅仅停留在以上的认识还不够。本文认为理解科学精神的关键在于理解科学的本性。科学本质上是一项精神活动,而科学理论则是这项精神活动的“结晶”。因此,在经典科学哲学分析科学理论的属性的基础上,本文发现科学理论体现出的科学精神代表着科学的本性。这种科学精神具体表现为经验实证、实用高效、简化优雅,也即是科学的精髓。更多还原

【Abstract】 The spirit of science is not a problem studied by classic philosophy of science, but it should be become a problem studied by contemporary philosophy of science in broad sense. It is necessary for the study of this problem because of the rising of the research field of Science, Technology and Society (STS). It is a very hot problem now in China and much accomplishment has been achieved. However, the spirit of science is considered as a phenomenon in philosophy of scientific culture and scientific communication. There are not special study of the spirit of science and not so much achievement could be found, maybe due to the difference of the understanding about this concept.Based on the domestic and foreign achievement about the spirit of science, this thesis formed a comprehensive understanding of the spirit of science. The spirit of science roots in the spirit tradition of science, and is represented by two kinds of forms which are the ethos of scientists and the ethos of science. The former is scientist’s private quality, moral sentiment and behavior characteristics shaped by scientific methods and scientific knowledge and edified by scientific thoughts. When science became a social institution, the ethos of scientists developed into some social criteria which restricts the members in scientific community. The spirit of science, as an attribute of science, differs from the social attribute and cultural attribute of science. It intrinsically makes science enter into others fields of human activities and promotes science to exert its extensive and positive functions. Moreover, the spirit of science, as an important part of human spirit, is different from humanism and neither spirit of science nor humanism such as wizardry and superstition. It embodies the nature and essence of science, and the most brilliant intelligent fruits of human beings.However, it is not enough to stop at the previous knowledge of the spirit of science. This thesis thinks that the key of understanding the spirit of science consists in the understanding of the nature of science. Science is intrinsically a kind of spiritual activity, and scientific theory is the production of this kind of spiritual activity. Therefore, based on the study of scientific theories by classic philosophy of science, the thesis arrives to the conclusion that the spirit of science in scientific theories stands for the nature of science. This kind of spirit of science are both empirical and positive, both pragmatic and efficient, both simplifying and elegant. In a nutshell, this kind of spirit of science is the essence of science.更多还原