【作者】 付琪；

【导师】 高春花；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 伦理学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 孟子的人性论思想内涵丰富、博大精深,是其整个哲学思想的基石,也是他对中国文化所做出的最大贡献。本文首先从孟子人性论思想的理论渊源、时代背景分析入手,以人性的界定、人性向善、天赋四心、本心可失、存心养性五方面展现了孟子人性论思想的主要内涵及论辨逻辑。孟子强调人的社会属性,以心善论性善,主张人性有向善的可能。然后,通过与荀子性恶论思想的分析比较,得出孟子人性论思想的主要特点:其一,从源头上谈人性,力求在“天命”中寻找人性的依据。其二,其人性论主要是讲人的伦理道德,强调先天的道德观。其三,孟子重视“心”的作用,推崇反身内省的道德修养方法。同时还提出孟子的人性论思想在关于人性界定中存有片面性,逻辑论证中缺乏现实内容基础等局限。最后,通过分析汉唐宋明时期儒家学者们的人性论思想,阐述了孟子人性论思想对后世所产生的重要学术影响。进而对孟子人性论思想的现代价值进行了挖掘,提出性善论为倡导向善提供了理论根基;对个人道德修养具有重要的启发意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mencius’ theory of human nature is broad and deep also profound, taken as the base of his overall philosophy as well as his greatest contribution to Chinese culture. The thesis begins with the analysis of the theoretical origins and historical background of Mencius’ theory of humanity and introduces the theory and logics from five aspects: the delimitation of human nature, tendency toward goodness, four kind of talent consciousness, the maze of natural consciousness , and improving human nature purposely. Mencius emphasized the social nature of people, supporting that human nature is good for their conscience, therefore claimed the possibility of goodness-prone of it.Then, by comparison with the theory of human nature of Xunzi, we can concludes the feature of his theory: firstly, the theory tries to find the proof from the destiny and takes the original consciousness as the base ; secondly, the theory of human nature is mainly about people’s ethics, emphasizing the innate morality; thirdly, he pays more attention to the utility of the conscience, and magnifies method of moral introspection to improve oneself. And Mencius’s theory of human nature has limitations in the delimitation of human nature, and is short of the basis of real content in the logical argument.Finally, the thesis elaborates the important academic influence of the theory by analyzing theories of human nature of Confucian scholars in the Han, Tang, Song, and Ming Dynasties. Nowadays, Mencius’s theory of human nature provides the theoretical foundations for goodness, and is important as well as instructive for the improvement of human’s ethic and morality.更多还原