【作者】 王莹；

【导师】 俞立中；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 崇明东滩湿地位于崇明岛的东端,是全球重要的生态敏感区域,由于受到人类活动的干扰,生态系统健康遭受威胁,因此有必要对其健康进行定量的评价研究。本文即以崇明东滩湿地为研究区域,以生态系统健康理论为基础,选取基于压力-状态-响应模型的地貌、环境、生物、人类活动等指标,并将研究区的健康分为五级,建立东滩湿地健康评价指标体系。结合GIS的技术,以网格为评价单元,在神经元网络模型理论和技术的支持下,提出了一个分布式神经网络湿地生态系统健康评价模型,定量地从空间上分析了崇明东滩湿地的健康状况,为湿地的合理利用与保护提供决策支持和科学依据。论文共由七个部分组成。第一章在总结了国内外在河口湿地生态系统健康评价的研究上,提出了本文选题的背景和研究意义,在分析了3S技术在目前湿地生态管理的作用和发展的基础上,引出了本文的主要研究内容,并设计了研究方法的路线图。第二章阐述了本文的理论基础,由生态系统健康的概念、指标体系的设立以及健康评价的方法,结合河口湿地的特点和健康标准,引申出河口湿地健康评价的概念和标准,并总结了目前国内外在河口湿地健康评价领域的研究进展。同时,讨论了景观生态学理论在湿地研究中的应用,并简单分析了几种常用的景观指数。第三章描述了研究崇明岛的自然地理特征、生物多样性特征以及生态环境效应的特征,并重点分析了研究区域东滩湿地的生态系统结构和功能,其地貌和植被演变的规律。第四章在分析了目前湿地生态健康的制约因素的基础上,参考了现有指标体系的研究基础以及指标体系的建立准则,选用压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型框架为主要方法,提出了东滩湿地健康评价指标体系,并对各指标因子进行量化定义。对各个指标的数据进行提取和标准化。第五章首先阐述了本文的技术支持,人工神经网络模型的特点和种类,根据研究需求采用BP神经网络模型,并分析了其结构、原理和构建方法。设计并建立了湿地生态健康评估分布式神经网络模型,以东滩湿地为例,评价了东滩湿地2007年健康状态,研究结果从空间上显示了崇明东滩湿地不同区域的健康状况,总体来说处于一个比较健康的状态,但健康状态较好的区域面积只占30%,相对一般区占70%,且生态系统健康将呈下降趋势。因此,需要对湿地加强管理,使湿地生态系统可持续发展。第六章是崇明岛湿地管理决策支持系统的设计和开发。.利用VB语言和MapObject2.3控件技术,结合数据库技术,实现了数据管理子系统、指标管理子系统、信息查询子系统、空间分析子系统、综合评价子系统、结果显示输出子系统共六个模块的开发,以及湿地生态管理决策支持的应用和情景模拟,使用户可以轻松管理和决策东滩湿地规划发展的前景。第七章为结论部分,总结了本研究的创新点,并展望了研究中的遗憾以及需要继续开展的工作,为下一部研究打下基础。健康的湿地生态系统已成为湿地管理的主要目标,本文通过对河口湿地生态系统进行健康评价,可以防止出现退化性演替,有效管理生态系统向健康发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Located at the east of Chongming Island, Dongtan wetland is an ecological sensitive region of global importance. Interfered with human activities, its ecosystem health is faced with threat. So it is necessary to make quantitative research on its health assessment. This study took Dongtan wetland of Chongming Island as research area and selected indicators like topography and geomorphology, environment, biology and human interference according to press-stat-response model. Based on theory of ecosystem health, this study divided the health condition of research area into five levels and built an index system of wetland health assessment in Dongtan, Chongming Island. Combined with GIS and neural network model technologies, the study took grid as evaluation unit, and then established a neural network model of wetland ecosystem health assessment to quantitatively analyze the health conditions of Dongtan wetland. This model could provide decision-making support and scientific basis for rational utilization and protection of wetland sources. The dissertation consists of seven parts.Chapter one is a summary of various research on ecosystem health assessment on estuary wetland, as well as the effect and development of 3S technology to wetland ecological management. The research background and significance was supported by these theories and research methods were displayed in diagram.Chapter two is the theoretical basis of my research, including conception of ecosystem health, index system and health assessment methods. Principles and advances of estuary wetland research were also analyzed with the characteristics and health standards of estuary wetland. Theory of landscape ecology and its indices were under consideration in my research of health assessment index system.Chapter three addresses the characteristics of physical geography, biodiversity and ecological environment in Chongming Island. Meanwhile, emphasis was given on the structure and function of ecosystem, landform and vegetation evolution in Dongtan werland. Chapter four analyzes the restraint factors of wetland ecological health and current index system. Press-State-Response model was selected to build the health assessment index system of Dongtan wetland. All the indices were quantized and standardized.Chapter five is the technological support of my research. BP neural network was utilized to establish the distributed neural network model for health assessment on wetland ecosystem, after comparing with types, structures and principles of different artificial neural network. This model was applied on. Dongtan wetland and the result displayed the health conditions of Dongtan wetland in different areas from space. Generally, Dongtan wetland is comparatively health, but areas with better health condition occupied only 30% and others are in a general condition. Furthermore, the wetland ecosystem health has a descending trend. So, it is necessary to strengthen management of wetland and make a sustainable development of wetland ecosystem.Chapter six is the design and development of decision-making support system of wetland management in Chongming Island. Computer language as Visual Basic and component of MapObject 2.3 were used with database to develop six sub-systems (data management sub-system, index management sub-system, information inquiry sub-system, spatial analysis sub-system, comprehensive assessment sub-system and result display sub-system) of the whole system. Furthermore, in the support of decision-making support system of wetland ecosystem, users can easily manage and plan the prospect and development strategy of coastal wetland.Chapter seven is a conclusion of my research. The innovation points and ideas for improvement were listed for further research.To build a healthy ecosystem has become the main target of wetland management. Health assessment of wetland can help to prevent degenerative succession, furthermore, effectively manage wetland ecosystem toward sustainable development.更多还原