【作者】 郑燕飞；

【导师】 李响；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,城市化步伐进一步加快,而随之而来的一个典型现象就是迅速扩张的城市交通网络以及迅速增长的机动车数量与频繁的交通拥堵。如何利用智能交通系统技术解决上述由城市化带来的负面影响成为政府和学术界讨论的热点。这其中一个重要的基础性工作就是构建能够准确表达道路基本特征的网络模型。目前,基于路段中心线的二维道路网络模型已经普遍存在,但其在几何特征及拓扑关系表达等方面都难以满足复杂交通系统的需求。中心线信息无法涵盖路段中车道的变化情况,而二维模型在表达立体交通网络方面也显不足。因此,本文以车道作为建模的基本单元,提出了一个构建三维可视化道路网络模型的有效方法。该方法既考虑了模型的生成速度,又能够在三维空间中表达路网的基本特征,同时支持网络空间分析。本文的主要研究内容为基于车道对道路网络进行三维建模。其数据源为二维路段中心线数据与车辆轨迹数据,主要思想包括以下几个部分：首先,将中心线数据与来自于轨迹数据中的离散点高程数据相结合生成三维道路中心线；其次,根据缓冲区边界生成算法及每路段车道属性构建三维道路表面模型；之后,将基于车道的网络拓扑关系整合入道路模型当中用以支持网络分析。本文重点解决的问题包括三维道路表面模型的快速生成技术,以及基于车道的网络模型的建立与应用。其涉及并改进的主要算法包括采用拉格朗日插值算法用于计算点数据高程,利用角平分线算法生成车道边界,应用可见性裁减算法(Visibility Culling Algorithms)与层次细节模型(Levels of Detail, LOD),改进模型的显示速度,利用最短路径算法实现三维路网模型下的网络分析。论文在上述原理及算法的基础之上,利用C#、DirectX以及ArcGIS Engine为开发工具,以上海快速路系统为研究对象,建立了其三维道路网络模型,并开发了基本的演示平台,该平台可在三维场景下展现上海快速路系统的空间特征及提供基本的空间分析功能,利用直观的视觉效果,可为测绘、规划等部门服务。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, urbanization is increasing more rapidly, which results in a typical phenomenon that urban traffic network expands more rapidly and traffic jams is more frequent, and it becomes a hot topic for government and academic that how to use intelligent transportation system to solve the negative effects which caused by urbanization. One of the most important tasks is to build a road network model which can express the basic characteristics of road. Currently, the road network based on two-dimensional road centerline has generally existed, however, its geometry and topology expression can not meet the need of complex transportation system. The information of centerlines can not cover the changes of lanes, and the two-dimensional model is also inadequate in the expression of three-dimensional transportation networks. Therefore, this paper proposes a three-dimensional road data model based on lane. The model not only considers the generation rate, but also takes the three-dimensional expression of the basic characteristics of road network and the support to network analysis into account.The main content of this paper is three-dimensional modeling based on lane. And this paper’s data source is two dimensional road centerline data and vehicle trajectory data of roads. The main idea includes the following sections:First, generate three dimensional centerlines from centerline data and elevation vehicle trajectory data. Secondly, construct the 3D road surface model based on buffer algorithm and lane properties. Finally, put the lane-based topology relationship integrated into the road network to support network analysis. This paper focuses on 3D road surface model generation and lane-based road network construction and its application. The involved and improved algorithms include Lagrange Interpolation Algorithm to interpolate elevations of some points, the Angle Bisector Algorithm to generate the road boundaries, and some technologies like Visibility Culling Algorithms and Levels of Detail, which are used to improve the displaying speed of model, and finally we propose Shortest Path Algorithm to carry out network analysis of three-dimensional road network mode.Based on the principle and algorithms, we use C#、DirectX and ArcGIS Engine as the development tools to build the three-dimensional road network model, which was employed in modeling Shanghai Expressway System, and we develop a basic demonstration platform which can display the spatial characteristics of the system in three-dimensional scenarios and also provide the basic spatial analysis, intuitive visual effects which can serve for mapping, planning and other departments.更多还原