【作者】 贺贵富；

【导师】 周斌；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 美术学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 人类童年时代的审美意识又实与实用浑然一体而须臾不可分离,甲骨文和金文作为此二者之混血儿而产生,从它一萌生出世便发挥着许多重要的社会功能：宗教、政治、教育、社交等方面几乎无不浮现它们靓丽的风采,但是此种时代文化对甲骨文和金文自身的影响又是不言而喻的。既这种“审美意识”或谓“生命意识”与时代文化有着蕴藏在根底深处的血脉联系,因此,需要更加透彻地领悟甲骨文和金文的“生命意识”时,在对当时的文化背景进行深入的观照以后,它就会宛如昨日般地、鲜活地呈现出来。商代统治者非常迷信,例如十天之内会不会有灾祸,天会不会下雨,农作物是不是有好收成,打仗能不能胜利,应该对哪些鬼神进行哪些祭祀,甚至于生育、疾病、做梦等等事情都要进行占卜,以了解鬼神的意志和事情的吉凶。武王推翻商纣后,周公主政,为了应付当时各种复杂的政治环境,进行了一系列的政治改革,制礼作乐。这相比于殷商的事事必问鬼神,周代的统治者更加重视现实社会的各种人伦礼制,更加注重人的主宰性。从中国书法的肇始之际——甲骨文开始,中国文化的血液便深深地扎根于书法艺术之中。殷商“绝地天通”的神本文化,用于占卜祭祀的龟甲和兽骨,殷人那种神秘的、朦胧的、稚嫩的社会心理无不影响着甲骨文书法艺术的发展；同样,逐渐向人本文化转变的西周人,用他们自身对世界的认识,对生活的热情来诠释着属于他们的书法艺术——金文。金文在西周的鼎盛和繁荣照样离不开周文化所蕴含的气质,西周最具特色的分封宗法制和礼乐文化对金文所起到的潜移默化的影响是不言而喻的。当人们流连于甲骨片和青铜器之间时,赞叹甲骨文和金文巧夺天工的艺术魅力时,让人仿佛又回到了那血火交融、文质彬彬的上古社会,仿佛又切身地接受一次“事鬼敬神”、“郁郁乎文”的文化精神的洗礼。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aesthetic sense integrated with its practicality during the period of human childhood, which was seamless and inseparable even for a moment. As a hybrid of Aesthetic sense and its practicality,inscription on oracle bones and inscription on bronze played a great of significant roles in society since they sprouted from a birth.They illustrated their elegant demeanour in almost every field,including religion, education,social intercourse and so on. Meantime, it went without saying that they were influenced by cultures of the contemporary cultures.Since such "aesthetic sense " or "sense of life" had a deep blood-ties to the contemporary cultures, it’s necessary to comprehend the "sense of life" of inscription on oracle bones and inscription on bronze more carefully and thoroughly. Only through a penetrating observation on the cultural background of that period, can the "sense of life" be shown vividly as it were existed in yesterday.Rulers in Shang Dynasty were very superstitous. In order to understand the will of ghosts and gods together with the luck in odd numbers, they almost made divination on all issues such as "Was there any disaster within ten days?Was it going to rain? Could we have a good harvest? Could we win in the battle? which ghosts and gods should be sacrificed? " and they even dealt with the production,the disease and the dreams in this way. Zhou King Wu overturned Shang Dynasty and died two years later,Thereafter Duke of Zhou headed the administration. In order to cope with the complex political environment, Duke of Zhou carried out a series of political reforms and created etiquettes and ritual music.Compared with the rulers of Shang Dynasty who sacrificed the ghosts and gods at every turn, the rulers of Zhou Dynasty attached more importance to various human ethics and etiquettes as well as human subjectivity.The blood of Chinese culture had been rooted in calligraphy deeply since the beginning of Chinese calligraphy——Inscription on oracle bones. The God-Rooted Culture of Shang Dynasty——"Disconnection of Heaven from Earth ", and the shells and animal bones for divination and sacrifice along with the mysterious, hazy and tender social psychology of people in Shang Dynasty all had effects on the development of the calligraphy of inscription on oracle bones; Basing on their own views of the world and the zeal for life, people in Western Zhou who turned to human-rooted culture gradually also illustrated their own calligraphy——inscription on bronze. Similarly, the prosperity of inscription on bronze could also not be separated from the culture of Western Zhou, and it’s self-evident that inscription on bronze had been imperceptibly influenced by the feudal and patriarchal clan system and the culture referring to etiquettes and ritual music,both of which characterized Western Zhou the most.While lingering on oracle bones and bronze and appreciating the artistic glamour of the wonderful workmanship of inscription on oracle bones and inscription on bronze, people felt as if they were back to antediluvian society blending blood with the fire and being elegant and refined in manners as well as to receive the baptism of cultural ethos of "serving ghosts and worshiping gods" and "being affluent in etiquettes and rites".更多还原