网上仲裁协议的效力分析

【作者】 武丹枫；

【导师】 陈治东；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 法律， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 网上仲裁,也称在线仲裁,来源于传统的离线仲裁,利用了传统仲裁的架构,是网络信息技术应用于传统仲裁的结果。网上仲裁出现于二十世纪末,是商事仲裁对互联网发展作出的回应,是现代电子商务发展的催生物。由于网上仲裁是新生事物,传统的调整商事仲裁的国际公约和内国法在制定时并没有考虑到网上仲裁的网络技术性特征。因此,网上仲裁所遇到的法律问题一一浮现。网上仲裁所遇到的第一个法律问题便是网上仲裁协议的效力问题。网上仲裁协议,是指通过网络以电子即数字形式而为的意思表示所达成的将所涉争议提交仲裁的仲裁协议。有效的仲裁协议是仲裁机构受理有关争议的证据,也是执行仲裁裁决的依据。根据传统仲裁协议的法律规定和一般原则,有效的仲裁协议必须符合一定的形式条件和实质条件。网上仲裁协议欲被接受,就必须同传统仲裁协议一样,满足其有效成立的必备要件。本文将分三部分逐步阐述网上仲裁协议的法律问题及其解决途径。第一部分介绍网上仲裁协议的基本理论,引出网上仲裁协议在传统法律规定中遇到的法律问题,主要包括仲裁协议无纸化问题,当事人主体资格问题及电子仲裁协议的效力问题。第二部分分析网上仲裁协议的形式有效性,包括书面形式和签署要求。书面形式要求是指包括《纽约公约》在内的大多数国际条约和大部分国家的内国法都要求仲裁协议以书面形式订立。书面形式通常伴随着签署要求。签署要求是指在法律规定的以书面形式达成的仲裁协议中,应该署有当事双方的签名或盖章,以示合意的结果。笔者认为,网上仲裁协议虽然没有在纸面上订立,但网上仲裁协议满足传统仲裁协议的形势要求应是最为合理的结论。首先,网上仲裁协议同样可以发挥传统仲裁协议书面形式的功能与作用,达到立法者关于书面形式要求的目的；其次,《纽约公约》有关仲裁协议书面形式要求的规定虽受公约制定时的科技状况所限制,但并为排除技术未来的发展所可能带来的变化；最后,对于数据电文的交换方式达成的仲裁协议,签字已不是必须要求。即使需要在最终的书面形式中签字确认,现有的技术手段如电子签名技术完全可以满足传统签名的功能并且电子签名的法律效力已经得到联合国以及其他内国法律的承认。第三部分对网上仲裁协议的实质有效性作出分析,包括当事人主体资格的确定以及借鉴美国网上格式合同的发展,对电子格式仲裁协议效力的剖析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Online arbitration originates from the traditional offline arbitration. It makes use of the legal framework of the traditional arbitration. Online arbitration is the result of Internet information technologies applying to the traditional arbitration. Emerging in late twentieth century, online arbitration is the reaction of commercial arbitration acts in line of the Internet development, as well as the developing result of modern E-commerce. Since online arbitration is a newly-born arbitration form, the legal framework, including relevant international treaties and laws of different countries which governs the traditional commercial arbitration does not put the technology characteristics of online arbitration into consideration. As a result, online arbitration encounters legal issues from time to time. The first issue encountered by online arbitration is the legal validity of online arbitration agreement. Online arbitration agreement is a kind of arbitration agreement in the form of electronic agreement or digital contract containing both parties’ declaration of will to submit the disputes to arbitrate. A valid arbitration agreement is the premise of arbitration institution to hear a case, and is also the basis to execute a reward. According to the traditional arbitration laws and general principles, a valid arbitration agreement has to conform to certain conditions both in forms and in essence. If online arbitration agreement needs to be accepted, it has to satisfy certain requirements as traditional arbitration agreement. The dissertation is going to use three chapters to state the legal issues of online arbitration agreement and make a resolution. The first chapter introduces the basic theories of online arbitration agreement, and then states the main issues encountered by the online arbitration agreement, which includes the issue of e-form arbitration agreement, subject qualification of parties, as well as the validity of electronic arbitration agreement. The second chapter states the formation validity of online arbitration agreement, including written form and signing requirement. The written requirement means that an arbitration agreement shall be made in written form in accordance with the New York Arbitration Convention of 1958 and relevant treaties and laws. The signing requirement usually follows the written requirement, which means that parties shall sign or seal on the arbitration agreement to show their consensus. The author concludes that online arbitration agreement satisfy the written requirement on the following reasons:first, online arbitration agreement has the equivalent function with traditional arbitration agreement in order to satisfy the aim of legislator making such written requirement; second, although the written requirement set forth in the New York Arbitration Convention of 1958 is restricted by the science and technology conditions at that time, it does not exclude any possible change brought by the future development; third, as to the arbitration agreement in the electronic form, signature is no longer an obligatory requirement. Even if the parties need to sign in the final written agreement, the modern technology such as electronic signature can also achieve the equivalent function with legal validity. The third chapter deals with the essential requirements including the parties’ subject qualification as well as the analysis of the validity of electronic standard arbitration agreement in light of some milestone cases of U.S. courts.更多还原