【作者】 李丽华；

【导师】 陈锦屏；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 食品科学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 红枣(Zizyhpus jujuba Mill)是鼠李科(Rhamnaceae)枣属植物枣树的干果,是我国特有的果品之一。富含维生素、矿物质、氨基酸等营养素,还含有环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、多糖、黄酮、皂甙等多种生物活性物质。植物皂甙类化合物具有降血脂、抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗自由基、抑制肿瘤细胞生长、免疫调节等保健作用。本文以和田玉枣(商品名称。引自山西省交城县的骏枣栽植于和田)为原料,对其皂甙的提取、分离、纯化、定性及其抗氧化活性进行了研究,为和田玉枣的皂甙提取及深加工提供工艺参数和理论依据,亦对促进新疆和田红枣产业化的发展及其巩固具有重要意义。主要试验结果如下：1.应用泡沫法、醋酐-硫酸反应(Liebermann-Burchard反应)、氯仿-浓硫酸反应、香草醛-高氯酸显色反应等方法,均证实了新疆和田玉枣中含有甾体皂甙。2.香草醛-高氯酸与皂甙形成特征性的红色,该显色法的显色条件为：5%香草醛-冰醋酸溶液0.2mL和高氯酸0.8mL,70℃恒温水浴中加热15min,立即以冰水冷却5min,加入冰醋酸5mL,摇匀,静置30min测定,测定波长为531nm。最后得到标准曲线方程为：A=0.00201C-0.04409(R2=0.9995)。3.乙醇浸提和田玉枣皂甙的最佳工艺参数为：乙醇浓度80%,料液比1：6,提取温度70℃,浸提时间3h,提取量为6.267mg/g,纯度为16.3%。准确度的相对标准偏差为1.42%,加标回收率为97.0%～102.5%,回收率的相对标准偏差为2.51%。4.LS-100型大孔吸附树脂对和田玉枣皂甙具良好的吸附和解析性能,其分离纯化和田玉枣皂甙的工艺参数为：上样量210mL,上样液浓度20mg/mL,pH值5,NaCl 2.0mg/mL,上样液流速2BV/h。洗脱剂60%乙醇水溶液,流速2 BV/h,洗脱剂用量4BV。经该工艺处理得到的和田玉枣皂甙纯度为35.7%,精制度高达219.0%。5.和田玉枣皂甙体外抗氧化活性试验结果显示：当浓度达到1.5 mg/mL时,羟自由基(·OH)清除率可达74.40%；超氧自由基(O2-·)清除率达到40.58%；抗油脂过氧化的清除率达到73.33%；Fe2+诱发卵黄脂蛋白PUFA过氧体系的清除率达到76.94%。还原能力在浓度为1.5mg/mL时,吸光度达到0.613,还原能力与吸光度成正比,可见其还原能力比较强。以上数据均显示和田玉枣皂甙具有明显的体外抗氧化活性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Jujube (Zizyhpus jujuba Mill) is a Rhamnaceae fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Mill plant.It is a Chinese unique fruit. Apart from the rich vitamins,minerals, amino acids and other nutrients, but also contains cAMP, polysaccharides,flavonoids,saponins and other bioactive substances. Plant saponins have many health care functions.They can be used as a treatment of hypolipidemic, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-free radicals, inhibiting tumor cell growth and the role of immune regulation.Through the processes of Hetian jade jujube saponins extraction, separation, purification, qualitative and antioxidant activities research.The paper with Hetian jade as a raw material is aimed at providing the technological parameters and the theoretical basis for the Hetian jade jujube’s processing use. It has the important theoretical value and practical significance for the the development and utilization of Xinjiang Hetian jujube.The main results are as follows:1. Application of the bubble method, acetic anhydride-sulfuric acid reaction (Liebermann-Burchard reaction), chloroform-concentrated sulfuric acid reaction, the color reaction of vanillin-perchloric acid and other methods to determine that Xinjiang Hetian jujude contains steroidal saponins.2. Vanillin-perchloric acid can form the characteristic red with sapionins, which is the most extensive color characteristics of sapionins. Its color conditions are as follow:5% vanillin-glacial acetic acid 0.2mL, perchloric acid 0.8mL, heated 15min in 70℃constant temperature water bath pot, immediately cooled 5min in ice water, then add glacial acetic acid 5mL, shaken, standing for 30min, measured at the wavelength of 531nm..Finally,the standard curve equation is A= 0.00201C—0.04409(R2=0.9995)。3. The optimum conditions of ethanol extraction from Hetian jade jujube:the ethanol concentration 80%, the solid-solvent ratio 1:6, the extracting temperature 70℃, the extracting time 3h, the extracting ratio of sapionins from Hetian jade jujube is 6.267mg/g, whose purity is 16.3%. The relative standard deviation of accuracy is 1.42%, the recovery is 97.0%-102.5%, the relative standard deviation of recovery is 2.51%.4. LS-100 macroporous resin has good performance of adsorption and desorption ability to saponins. The optimum conditions of separation and purification for saponins from Hetian jade jujube are as followings:the loading amount 210mL, concentration of sample solution 20mg/mL, pH value of 5, concentration NaCl 2.0mg/mL,the current velocity of sample solution 2BV/h, the eluting reagent 60% ethanol, the eluting velocity 2BV/h and the eluting volume 4BV. In the above conditions, the purity of saponins from Hetian jade jujube is 35.7%, refining rate is up to 219.0%. 5. The results of the antioxidant tests of the saponins from Hetian jade jujube show that:When the experimental concentration is1.5mg/mL, the scavenging rate of the hydroxyl radical(·OH) system is 74.40%, the scavenging rate of the superoxide radical (O2·-) system is 40.58%, the scavenging rate of the Anti-lipid peroxidation is 73.33%, the scavenging rate of the Fe2+ induced lipoprotein yolk PUFA peroxide system is 76.94%. When the experimental concentration is 1.5mg/mL, the absorbance of the restore ability is 0.613, and absorbance is positively correlated with anti-reducing power,so we can see that the restore ability si strong. The above figures show that saponins from Hetian jade jujube have obvious antioxidant acitivity.更多还原