唐五代诗格研探若干理论问题研究

【作者】 杨星丽；

【导师】 梁道礼；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 文艺学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 发韧于唐代的近体,是六朝后中国诗歌的主流样式。唐五代诗格研探,是唐五代诗家对近体诗在艺术形式方面带有规律性的艺术实践的理论总结,深入讨论它的理论意义,对理解近体诗的形式改造和诗的表现功能的转型深化,具有一定意义。对唐五代诗格理论的研究,主要是在现当代古文论研究的语境下展开的。当代古文论家对诗格的研究主要表现在两个方面,一是对相关文献的搜集整理。张伯伟撰《全唐五代诗格汇考》,为目前较系统的史料汇编。二是在理论层面,通过传统语言学、句法结构理论和修辞形态学的观照,间接地讨论了诗格在诗学意义上的若干形式问题。也有学者关注到了诗格在诗学或文学批评史上的一些重要理论贡献,得到一定论断。但对唐诗格十分重视的“形式化”讨论,却关注不多,缺乏必要的理论建构。本文以此为背景,对唐五代诗格在诗的表现技艺方面作了一些理论剖析,较集中地讨论了诗格理论提出的外在形式及其基本特征,以期揭示唐五代诗格理论的内涵和近体诗的审美内在机制及其建构的意义。《文镜秘府论》和《全唐五代诗格汇考》是讨论唐五代诗格理论的基本资料,本文通过对这些资料中理论形态的分析梳理,归纳了其中的某些理论观点,分析了它的某些逻辑特征,探讨了它的实践机制,认为诗格理论在近体诗的形式研究方面确有值得重视的精湛论断；应引起当下诗学研究、古文论研究和文学批评的普遍重视。本文主要讨论了两个问题。第一,唐诗格所关注的形式特征和它所解决的问题,主要针对诗格形式研究的史料进行细致分析和归纳整理,以揭示唐诗格对六朝声律论的革新和超越。形式特征的关注包括：声律为取得谐畅的效果讲求因宜适变,对偶的讲求实现了视域转换和境界更新,而对诸如病犯的讨论,意在实现对句法和章法的“言若合璧,意如贯珠”的理想建构。诗格研探理论所解决的重要问题有两个,一是形式表现对诗歌语言表意功能的实现,探讨诗歌形势(形与势)和体式(体与式)的关系,实现诗歌意义张力的收敛和拓展。同时,还从审美生成的角度,透析了诗歌意境的形成。包括意象的类型化,对偶关系的确立和典故的运用,对艺术情致表达的关注等。二是形式讲求对诗歌审美效果的建构。突显了艺术形式在审美建构中的功能和作用。从审美方式的高雅化和审美精神的追求来看,诗格理论主要关注的现象,包括音声效果的实现,表达方式的变化,审美品藻的类型化,最终实现了自然精神的贯注。第二,概括和总结了唐五代诗格理论的某些成就。本文认为,唐诗格理论合理吸收了传统诗歌表现手段,创造性地把诗歌表现提炼为更趋严密的手法。主要表现为：融通了格律与艺术审美实践在内容和形式上的相互生成关系,实现了传统表现手法之“言志”向“咏物”,即以描写为取向和格局的转换迁移,建构了共时和历时的语意建构等互文形态,沟通了时间和空间两种不同质性的形态,确立了能指和所指之间解释张力的有效范围,深化了诗歌表现的表层结构和深层结构功能,既有效地深化提升了传统诗歌创作和诠释图式——意、象、言之间的解释关系,也深刻地完善了审美观念的贯注、表现和审美效果的建立等。本文的结论是：第一,唐五代诗格之“格”,既是对诗的形式结构的多重因素及其关系的逻辑明晰,也是对诗的表意功能最佳效果的探索。它从多个层面建立起了诗学理论的内在范畴,它的“格”与“法”根本是对诗的基本形式所以上升到表意和审美更高层次的追求,有力地推进了诗歌表现技术向艺术深化的精进；第二,唐五代诗格理论具有较为完整的理论体系特征,而不仅仅是随机的理论行为；唐五代诗格理论也因此而具有深刻的文论研究价值。它既是对文学写作的理论指导,也是对传统诗学和文学批评研究的一次深刻转型。因此具有深刻的文论研究价值,应当受到普遍重视。更多还原

【Abstract】 The poetic theory of Tang and the Five dynasties is the theoretical research to poetry practice of modern times in expressive formality. It’s a significant progress in traditional Chinese poetic area. It’s significantly important to explore it’s theoretical significance to understand the transformation of recent poetry form and expressive function.Research of the poetic theory of Tang and the Five dynasties, it mainly undertaken in the context of modern and contemporary classic research. Contemporary classical poetry researchers study poetry forms and rules mainly in two aspects:the first is the collection of related literature. " Research of forms and rules of Tang and the Five Dynasties Poetry " by Zhang Bo Wei is the relatively systematic compilation of historical data currently existing, the second is at the theoretical level. It indirectly discusses the poetry forms and rules in poetic sense by observing traditional linguistics, syntax, rhetorical structure theory and the morphology of reflection. Some researchers have also expressed concern to some important theoretical contributions of poetics or literary criticism, and draw some conclusion. But give little concern to "formality" which is of great importance to Tang poetry style, and lack necessary theoretical construction and convincing. Under this background, this paper has done some theoretical analysis to the expressional techniques of the poems in Tang Dynasty poetry forms, and gives a more strengthened discussion of the external poetic forms and the basic features offered by poetic theory, in order to reveal the internal meaning of the theory and the internal aesthetic mechanism of modern-time poetry and the significance of it’s construction."Wen Jing Mi House on the exam." and" Research of forms and rules of Tang and the Five Dynasties Poetry " are the primary material to discuss the poetry theory of Tang and the Five Dynasties. Based on the information of the materials, this essay summarizes some of the theoretical perspectives of these two books, analyses some of the logical characteristics and discusses the practical mechanism. It believes that certain essential theory of poetic forms and rules which is important to research of modern poetry form does exist, and are truly worthy of universal attention in the research of poetics, classical theory and literary criticism.This paper discusses two issues:firstly, the characteristics of form concerned by Tang poetry style and the problems solved by it. The paper mainly gives careful analysis and summarization to historical study of poetic forms in order to reveal the innovation of Tang poetry style based on and beyond the poetry sound and rhythm of the six dynasties from Wei to Jin. Form characteristics include:to vary tune to achieve harmonic and smooth effect in rhythm, antithesis emphasizes perspective and state change, while discussions to problems is intended to achieve ideal syntax and structural consistence and coherence.There are two major problems to be solved in the research of poetry style. One is the importance of form expression to function of poetry expression. It discusses the relationship between situation and style to achieve constringency and extension of poetic meaning. At the same time, it analyzes the formation of the poetry mood from the aesthetic generation point of view, including the types of images, the establishment of antithesis,allusions to classical stories and concerns to emotional expression, etc.。The other is, the forms emphasize on the aesthetic effect of the construction of poetry and highlights the role and function of poetic style in the aesthetic construction. Seen from the aesthetic elegance and the pursuit of aesthetic spirit, poetry style theory mainly concerns the phenomenon, including the implementation of sound effects, expression changes, the types of criticism of aesthetic products, and the ultimate realization of the expressional characteristic of natural spirit penetration.Secondly, the paper summarizes some achievements and breakthroughs of the Tang Dynasty poetry style theory. It believes that Tang poetry style theory has properly absorbed the expressional means of traditional poetry, and creatively refines the performance to a more rigorous way.Mainly as follows:It accommodated the mutual generation between metrical and aesthetic practice both in content and form, and realized the transition from the traditional methods of "expressing thought" to "eulogizing scenery", that is to description orientated patterns. It constructed It established the range of interpreting tension between the signifier and the signified, and strengthened the function of surface structure and deep structure in poetry performance. Therefore Tang poetry style theory successively deepened and enhanced the relation among meanings, images and words in traditional poetry creation and interpretation, and also profoundly improved the aesthetic concept of concentration, performance and the establishment of aesthetic effect.The conclusions are:firstly, the "forms and rules "of Tang Dynasty poetry theory is not only an analysis to logical relationship between multiple factors of the forms and structures, but also an exploration on the best effect of poetry expressive function.; It established the inner areas of poetic theory in multiple dimensions. Its "forms and rules " is simply the pursuit of a higher level of meaning expression and aesthetic effect far beyond the focus on the basic form, which effectively advanced poetry to the art level of performance rather than just on the skill level. Secondly, the theory of Tang Dynasty poetry assumes a relatively complete theoretical system characteristic in stead of just being the random act theory. Tang Dynasty poetry style theory, therefore, has a profound literary and research value. It is both a theoretical guidance for literary writing, and a profound transformation of traditional poetics and literary criticism.Therefore, Tang Dynasty poetry style theory has a profound literary research value and worthy of universal attention.更多还原