【作者】 牛松；

【导师】 赵振河；

【作者基本信息】 西安工程大学 ， 纺织化学与染整工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 传统聚丙烯酸酯乳液中含有大量的小分子乳化剂,其造成了乳液胶膜的耐水性、耐污性差,粘结力及强力下降等缺点,并且将该乳液用于涂料印花、涂料染色时,织物的湿摩擦牢度效果不甚理想。尽管以上缺陷可通过无皂乳液加以改善,但是采用传统的无皂乳液聚合技术制备的乳液稳定性差,并且固含量低。为了有效解决上述问题,本文采用极少量实验室自制的可聚合乳化剂,通过预乳化半连续滴加工艺进行无皂乳液聚合反应研究。然而,该聚丙烯酸酯无皂乳液同样存在“热脆冷粘”的缺点,使得涂料染色后织物的牢度与手感之间存在矛盾,为了化解这一矛盾,本文还利用有机硅优良的柔软性、低粘度及低表面张力对聚丙烯酸酯无皂乳液进行改性,所制备的乳液具有优良的应用性能。本文以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯及丙烯酸等单体合成了聚丙烯酸酯无皂乳液,通过单因素实验,确定了聚合反应的最佳条件:反应温度为80℃,可聚合乳化剂B/A的质量比为10︰0,阴-非复合型可聚合乳化剂B用量为0.4%(对丙烯酸酯类总单体质量的重,下同),预乳化液滴加时间为1h,保温时间为1h,引发剂KPS用量为0.4%。在无皂乳液的应用实验中,通过对焙烘温度、焙烘时间及粘合剂用量等影响涂料印花、染色织物性能(如织物手感、柔软度、干湿摩擦牢度和K/S值等)的因素进行分析,确定了涂料印花、染色的最佳工艺条件;通过改变硅丙无皂乳液中乙烯基硅油的用量、硅丙无皂乳液的用量及不同纯丙无皂乳液的Tg,评价自制纯丙、硅丙无皂乳液在织物柔软整理及抗起毛起球整理中的效果,研究了整理后织物的柔软度、白度和抗起毛起球性能。通过测试乳液的外观及各项稳定性等指标,评价了自制无皂乳液的理化性能;通过红外波谱分析(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析(TG)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及激光粒度仪等现代仪器分析手段,确定了自制无皂乳液的结构、Tg、热性能、粒径形貌及大小分布等。结果表明,自制的纯丙、硅丙无皂乳液固含量高且稳定性好。通过应用实验发现,自制的无皂乳液已基本达到工业品的应用效果,特别是硅丙无皂乳液用于涂料染色后,织物的柔软度及手感较纯丙的有了较为明显的改善。因此,自制的纯丙、硅丙无皂乳液有望成为一种集涂料印花、染色、柔软(针对涂料染色织物)、抗起毛起球等多功能性于一体的印染助剂。更多还原

【Abstract】 When the traditional polyacrylate emulsion containing a large number of small molecule emulsifiers which cause water resistance, cohesion and strength of the films decline, are used as pigment printing and dyeing adhesives, the wet rubbing fastness of finished fabric are not good enough. Although the above shortcomings can be improved by emulsifier-free emulsion, the stability and solid content of the emulsion prepared by traditional soap-free emulsion polymerization technology are low. In order to solve the problems effectively, emulsifier-free polymerization was studyed by pre-emulsified and semi-continuous adding method with small quantities of the self-made polymerizable emulsifier in this paper. However, the polyacrlate soap-free emulsion also have some disadvantages, for example, it is brittle under freezing and viscous under warming, which causes a conflict between fastness and hand feeling of the fabric. Polyacrylate soap-free emulsion was modified by organic silicon with excellent softness, low viscosity and surface tension so as to resolve this contradiction, and the final emulsifier-free emulsion shows excellent application performance.In the paper, the soap-free emulsion was synthesized by methyl methacrylate, iso-octyl acrylic, butyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and acrylic acid. According to the single factor experiment, the best conditons for the polymerization reaction were determined: reaction tempreture was 80℃, mass ratio of the polymerizable emulsifier B/A was 10︰ 0, dosage of the anionic and nonionic composite polymerizable emulsifier B was 0.4% (on weight of total monomers, the same as below) , dropping time of pre-emulsion was 1h, holding time was 1h and dosage of initiator KPS was 0.4%.In the application experiment of soap-free emulsion, the optimum conditions for printing and dyeing were confirmed by analyzing the factors with baking temperature, baking time and dosage of the adhesive, which affecting performance of pigment printing and dyeing (such as fabric feel, softness, wet and dry rubbing fastness and the K/S values). The softness, whiteness and pilling resistance were studied by changing dosage of vinyl silicone oil, dosage of the silicone-acrylate soap-free emulsion and different Tg of polyacrylate soap-free emulsion.The physical and chemical properties of self-made soap-free emulsion were evaluated by testing appearance and all kinds of stabilities of the emulsion, and the structure, Tg, thermal properties, particle morphology and size distribution of the self-made soap-free emulision were determined according to FT-IR, DSC, TG, TEM and laser particle size analyzer.The results shows that the self-made soap-free emulsion has high solid content and good stability, and the sele-made soap-free emulsion has basically reached the industrial application effect, especially the fabric softness and feel were improved obviously with silicone-acrylate soap-free emulsion compared with polyacrylate soap-free emulsion. Therefore, the self-made soap-free emulsion is expected to become a set of multifunctional dyeing and printing auxiliary with pigment printing, dyeing, softness (for pigment dyeing fabric) and pilling resistance.更多还原