【作者】 丁独伊；

【导师】 刘铁；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 《体操运动员技术等级标准》是大、中、小学开展体操运动的指导性文件,它为促进体操运动普及、指导大众应用体操项目进行健身、推动全民健身计划的深入进行提供实施条件,同时也是我国体操项目战略发展的重要基础性工作。在《体操运动员技术等级标准》中,二级规定动作不仅是体育院校体操选修课教学的主要内容之一,同时也是报考体育院校体操专业的技术等级要求。本研究采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、录像技术统计和数理统计等方法,对《女子体操等级运动员二级规定动作》(以下简称女子二级)的演变做了较系统的梳理与研究,探索其演变特征,讨论分析2006年版《女子二级》核心动作的教学要点,提出未来《女子二级》成套编排发展的新思路,从而为完善体操运动员的技术结构、更好地普及体操等级运动员规定动作、促进我国体操运动的可持续发展提供一定的理论参考。研究结果：(1)《女子二级》的演变有五个阶段性特征：起步阶段(1953-1963年)：借鉴前苏联体操等级规定动作并结合我国国情成为这一时期的主要特征；发展阶段(1963-1966年)：第二版《女子二级》的出台,呈现出体操运动技术水平不断提高的特征；停滞阶段(1966-1979年)：1966年“文化大革命”的一场浩劫,使刚刚崛起的中国体操运动呈现出艰难为继的特征；规范阶段；(1979-2006年)：“文化大革命”结束后,我国恢复了体操运动员等级制度,呈现出体操理论的学术性得到尊重的特征；提高阶段(2006年至今)：呈现出教材结构更合理、教材内容更简洁、教材结合更紧密以及《女子二级》的编排更合理、内容更简洁、等级结合更紧密的特征。(2)《女子二级》评分规则的演变特征体现在以下三个方面：项目通级标准自1979年以来逐渐降低；项目设置逐渐减少；器械规格因人而异。(3)《女子二级》成套编排的演变体现出三个阶段性特征：50-60年代以基础动作为主；70-80年代成套动作不断加难；进入21世纪动作难度有所降低,编排更趋合理,更有利于普及和开展。(4)发展《体操等级运动员规定动作》,应以建立完善的体操运动员等级制度为主线,使之编排更趋合理；内容更趋简洁；等级结合更趋紧密。让更多的人了解体操项目、享用体操资源,以促进《体操等级运动员规定动作》更好的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Standards of Gymnast’s Technical Grade is a guiding document for developing gymnastics in colleges,middle schools and primary schools.It provides implementation conditions for promoting universalizing gymnastics exercise,guiding the public to keep fit by applying gymnastics exercises and promoting the thorough implement of the National Fitness Program.At the same time,it is also the important basic work of the strategic development of our country’s gymnastics exercises.In the Standards of Gymnast’s Technical Grade,the second grade compulsory is not only one of the main contents of physical education colleges’gymnastics optional course teaching,but also the technical grade requirements of entering the physical education colleges’ gymnastics major.This research adopted the methods of literature consultation,experts interviews,questionnaire,video technology statistics and mathematical statistics,etc.The research did relatively systematic arrangement and study of the evolution of Women’s Gymnastics Graded Athlete’s Second Grade Compulsory(hereinafter referred to as The Women’s Second Grade) and explored its evolution characteristics.It also discussed and analyzed the teaching points of core actions of the 2006 edition The Women’s Second Grade,then put forward new ideas about how the whole exercise composition of The Women’s Second Grade develop in the future,thereby providing some theoretical reference for improving gymnast’technical structure,better universalizing the graded gymnast’s compulsory and promoting the sustainable development of our country’s gymnastics exercise.Results of the research:(1)There are five stage characteristics of the evolution of The Women’s Second Grade:The initial stage(1953-1963):Drawing on examples of the gymnastics grade compulsory of the former Soviet Union and combining them with the situation of our country had become the main characteristic of this period;The developmental stage(1963-1966):The publishment of the second edition The Women’s Second Grade showed the characteristic that gymnastics’technical level was improving continuously;The stagnant stage(1966-1979):In 1966,the Cultural Revolution,a catastrophe,made the initially emerging Chinese gymnastics show the a characteristic of having difficulty of sustaining;The standardizing stage(1979-2006):After the Cultural Revolution,our country renewed the gymnast’s grade system,which showed the characteristic that the academic property of gymnastic theory was earning respect;The improving stage(since 2006):It showed the characteristics that the structure of textbooks and composition were becoming more reasonable,the contents of textbooks and The Women’s Second Grade were more succinct,textbooks’and grades’combination were becoming more close.(2)Evolution characteristics of the scoring codes of The Women’s Second Grade are reflected in three aspects as following:The exercises’link-grade standards had been lowering gradually since 1979;The exercise’s arrangements were reducing gradually;The apparatus’specification varied from person to person.(3)Evolution of whole exercise composition of The Women’s Second Grade reflects three stage characteristics:During the 1950-1960s,basic movement was the priority of whole exercise;During the 1970-1980s,whole exercise became more difficult gradually and in the 1990s,it reached the peak;Entering the 21st century,the exercise’s difficulty has been lowered to some extent and the composition tends to be more reasonable,which will be more favorable to universalize and develop.(4)Developing the Graded Gymnast’s Compulsory,we should regard establishing perfect gymnast’s grade system as the main point in order to make its composition more reasonable,contents more succinct and combination more close.We also need to let more people know about gymnastics and share gymnastics resources in order to promote the better development of the Graded Gymnast’s Compulsory.更多还原