【作者】 杨耀辉；

【导师】 孙伟；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 矿物加工工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 脂肪酸类捕收剂目前由于其来源广泛、廉价、无毒等长处,在工业应用上占相当地位,作为某些氧化矿浮选组合药剂的基础药剂应用广泛。本论文通过单矿物试验和人工混合矿试验、实际矿石试验、吸附量测定、热力学与浮选溶液化学计算,研究脂肪酸类捕收剂在白钨矿与萤石、方解石等含钙脉石矿物浮选分离过程中的混合效应。研究内容与结果如下：纯矿物试验结果表明：不同结构的捕收剂混合使用在不同程度上存在协同作用,混合捕收剂比单用捕收剂对含钙矿物的浮选效果相对较好。从实验中发现,先加强捕收剂或同时加入两种捕收剂能产生正的协同作用,先加弱捕收剂不产生协同作用,甚至产生负的协同作用；在实验中还发现,长、短链相差较大的脂肪酸混合有利于强化对含钙矿物的捕收；混合脂肪酸为捕收剂,添加水玻璃,白钨矿与萤石、方解石的可浮性存在差异,可实现人工混合矿的分离。用廉价的以混合脂肪酸为主的氧化石蜡皂(733)取代油酸常温粗选白钨矿,配合水玻璃,选择适当的浮选流程和工艺条件,在常温粗选白钨矿取得较好的效果。对于原矿品位为0.38%WO3的矽卡岩型白钨矿,选用以混合脂肪酸为主的氧化石蜡皂(733)为捕收剂,添加水玻璃,采用石灰法常温粗选工艺流程,可取得白钨粗精矿品位较好且回收率大于76%WO3的良好试验指标。吸附量试验结果表明：几种饱和脂肪酸在白钨矿表面吸附量的大小为：硬脂酸>棕榈酸>肉豆蔻酸>月桂酸,这与单矿物的浮选结果一致。不饱和脂肪酸在白钨矿表面吸附量的大小为：亚麻酸>油酸>亚油酸。热力学与浮选溶液化学计算结果表明：不同结构的脂肪酸与含钙矿物晶格阳离子Ca2+发生反应的△G0存在差异。不同结构的脂肪酸在中性或弱碱性介质中与白钨矿、萤石、方解石的作用机理基本相同；加入钙离子后,不同结构的脂肪酸生成脂肪酸钙的浓度存在着差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the recent decades,fatty acids collectors, due to their wide variety of resources, low-cost, non-toxic property and other advantages, the industrial application of which was widely used as the substrate of combination pharmaceutical agents in the flotation of oxidized ore.The combined effect of the fatty acids collectors in the separation of seheelite from calcic gangue minerals was investigated in this study through flotataion experiments of single minerals,artificial mixed minerals and actual ore, determination of absorption, calculation of thermodynamic and solution chemistry. Some conclusions were obtained as follows:The results of pure minerals flotation tests are sumerired as follows: mixed collectors have better flotation performance than single collector, for there was synergistic effect in every group of mixed collectors.The synergistic effect was a positive when the weak collector was added after the strong one, or two collectors were added at the same time. It was found that the flotation index would be intensified if the lengths of hydrocarbon chains of two fatty acid collectors are different. By using mixed fatty acids as collector and water glass as inhibitor, the difference of floatability between scheelite and calcic gangue minerals obviously increased, realizing the separation of artificial mixed minerals.Combined fatty acid-based paraffin oxidation soap (733)served as the collector, and water glass as inhibitor, with the appropriate flotation processes and conditions,the result of roughing flotation of scheelite was desirable at room temperature. Followed this method,with ore grade of 0.38% WO3 in the skarn scheelite, excellent recovery of WO3>76% are obtained.The adsorption of flotation reagents as well as the order of the adsorption value of saturated fatty acids on the scheelite surface:stearic acid>palmitic acid>myristic acid>lauric acid.The order of the adsorption value of unsaturated fatty acids on the scheelite surface was got as follows:linolenic acid>oleic acid>linoleic acid.Results of evaluation of thermodynamics and solution chemistry showed that△G0 of the reactions between calcium-bearing minerals and fatty acids, which have various hydrocarbon structures, were distinct. The mechanisms of the reaction between fatty acids and seheelite, fluorite and caleite in neutral and weak alkaline condition were basically the same. By adding calcium ions, the concentrations of reaction products fatty acids calcium were quite different.更多还原