黄遵宪与湖南维新运动

【作者】 田伟；

【导师】 张金荣；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 在近代中国救国救民的时代潮流中,有识之士就时代所能给予的广度和深度进行了各种努力,黄遵宪就是其中的一位。十数年的驻外生涯,使他亲历了西方政治文明。在此基础上,黄遵宪的维新思想不断地蓄势与积淀,他成长为一名坚定的君主立宪制的拥护者。归国后,黄遵宪试图以其“奉主权以开民智,尊官权以导民权”的改革与救国方针,投入到国内变法运动中,在湖南进行了一场民权、法治与宪政为核心的“地方自治”政治试验。黄遵宪深刻体察国情与省情,首先从培植新政人才和宣传维新思想两方面入手推动政治改革。因此,入湘后的黄遵宪立即投入到了学堂的创办与报馆的创设上,为湖南新政办有端绪首开一途。他为湖南维新政治改革进行制度的变革与设计,其改革的重大举措包括南学会的创办和保卫局的筹划,以及由此而实行的地方行政机构改革与官员的培训。这些也是黄遵宪在湖南新政中“地方自治”理念的基本内容。概括地说就是：分官权于民,改革封建官制,去郡县专制之弊。在此,集中体现了黄遵宪长期的驻外观察所形成的政治改革思想,在付诸实践的过程中,又较多地体现了他本人的独创与建树。纵观黄遵宪在湖南维新运动期间的各种历史活动,我们可以看出他是湖南新政得以推行的关键人物之一。他的著史为湖南维新运动提供了思想资源,他联合锐意革新的维新群体共倡新政,他所主导或参与设计的各项改革措施在政治、经济、文化与社会等各方面产生了重大影响,造成生机勃勃的维新局面。但由于改革的社会基础还很薄弱,主观行动机制上尚有不足以及新政在实践操作层面上存在的失误,黄遵宪欲从一省首先改革进而推动全国变法政治运动的重大实践止步于湖南。就黄遵宪参与湖南维新运动这个重大的政治课题而言,其贡献是相当大的。而其政治理想的最终破灭,又进一步昭示出晚清政治改革的艰巨性与复杂性。历史的车轮已滚滚向前,维新运动早已成为旧梦。然而,现代社会民主政治的良性运作与健康发展又似乎给了改革者以诚挚的慰藉和真实的回应。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the modern trend of the times to save the nation and citizens, the time give insight on the breadth and depth of all the efforts, Huang is one of them. More than a decade of diplomatic career, he witnessed the western political civilization. Huang’s reform ideas constantly accumulated from this,he grew to be a strong advocate of constitutional monarchy. After returning, Huang tried his policy of"Bong sovereignty to open their wisdom, and respect the official rights to lead civil rights " into the domestic political reform movement in Hunan.Civil rights,the rule of law and constitutional government were the cores of local self-government political trial. deep understanding the conditions and situations of the nation and the province,the advocate promoted political reform from these two aspects, one is to foster talents and the other is to propaganda the new ideas. Therefore,he put his efforts into the school’s founding and the creation of newspaper. In the political change and the system design, the reform of the major initiatives, including the founder of the Southern Association,Protection Agency planning,the local administrative reform and the training of officials, these are the basic ideas of "local self-government".In summary, sub-official power to the people, removal the disadvantages of the feudal regime.This reflected the long-term overseas observation, and in the process, it reflected more his own original thoughts. Throughout the reform movement in Hunan,survey of the various historical events, we can see that he was a key figure in Hunan. His books were resources of the reform movement,he converged the group,and he played a dominant force in Hunan New Deal, he led or participated in the design of the reform measures involving political, economic, cultural and social aspects,all these had a significant impact. However,the social basis of the reform was still very weak, subjective action mechanism is still inadequate and there were some mistakes in the practice of the Hunan New Deal,the movement just failed in Hunan. A survey of his participation in the reform movement on the major political issue,his contribution is significant.His political ideal s final burst,further declared the difficulty and complexity of late Qing political reforms.The wheel of history has been rolled forward, the reform movement has long been a dream. However,the well-functioning and healthy development of modern democratic politics seem to sincerely comfort and truely response to the advocate.更多还原