集装箱码头无线传感器网络监控系统安全路由协议研究

【作者】 施佳佳；

【导师】 邓宏贵；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 电子科学与技术， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络是近年来发展迅速的一种信息采集平台,能够实时监测和采集网络分布区域内的各种检测对象的信息,并将这些信息发送到网关节点,以实现复杂的指定范围内目标检测与跟踪。集装箱码头是一个国内外运输的重要集散地,为了提高工作效率与保证码头与货物的安全性,集装箱自外界进入码头后,就要对其各种信息进行动态实时管理,而现在大型专业化的集装箱码头年吞吐量逾百万箱,需要利用有效地无线监测控制系统来支持集装箱码头的高效运作。由于无线传感器网络具有快速展开、抗毁性强等特点,很适用于集装箱码头。本文分析了集装箱码头无线通信的需求及特点,针对传统无线传感器网络路由算法的簇首分不均衡,存在盲区,能量负载不均衡和簇首由于通信距离增大能量消耗过快等问题,设计了一种改进的基于分簇的多跳无线传感器网络路由算法。通过在簇形成阶段前将整个监测区域划分为小区域,按相对剩余工作时间作为参考值确定簇首节点的选取,并在数据融合以后通过在簇首间采用多跳通信实现设计目标。仿真结果得出,算法在延长网络生命周期,提高网络负载平衡和消除盲区方面有较好的表现。为了提高基于集装箱码头路由协议的安全性,本文针对各种安全加密算法尤其是关键的密钥预分配算法进行了研究,针对集装箱码头工作环境以及系统的功能需要,提出了一种改进的基于分簇的密钥管理协议。本文对基站,簇首,簇内成员组成的二级结构进行研究；首先采用哈希函数对基站与簇首通信的基于基本概率预分配方案进行优化；然后通过簇首再将分配到得密钥采用相似方案分配给簇内节点；最后与已有方法比较,本文提出的改进方案在增加少量开销的基础上有较好的安全性与可扩展性。通过对路由协议的与密钥预分配协议的改进,本文提出的安全路由算法能较好的适用集装箱码头,具有一定的应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless sensor networks, as an information collection platform, is developing rapidly in recent years, which can monitor and collect various data about the test object in real time in the region where the net achieve, and send them to the network gateway node, to realize the target detection and tracking within the specified range. Container wharf is a major distribution center for domestic and international transport. In order to improve the efficiency and ensure the safety of the wharf and cargo, containers require dynamic real-time management about the total information after entering the wharf. However, large-scale specialized container wharfs usually to address more than 1 million containers, which need effective wireless monitoring and control system to support the efficient operation of the wharf. Since wireless sensor networks have fast start and strong survivability features, it is suitable for container wharfs.This paper analyzes the requirement and characteristics of wireless communication in container wharf. As in traditional wireless sensor networks, the routing algorithm is hard to reset, the power is limited and blind spots are existed, we design an improved clustering multi-hop wireless routing algorithm. Before the cluster formation stage, we divided the monitoring region into many small regions, and choose the cluster head node taking the residual work time as the primary indicator, then achieve the design goals through the using of multi-hop communication between clusters after data fusion. The simulation conclude that the algorithm performs monitoring well in term of improving the effective rate of data, extending the network life cycle and eliminating blind sports.In order to improve the security of routing protocols for container wharf, we analyze the various security key encryption algorithm, especially the key pre-distribution algorithm. According to the environment of wharf and function need of the system, we advanced an improved cluster-based key management protocol. In this paper, the structure of base stations, cluster heads, cluster members are researched. First, by adopting the Hash function, we optimize the basic probability key pre-distribution algorithm between base station and cluster head. Then we distribute the key to cluster members through similar method. Comparing with existing method, the proposed method can improve the security and scalability with only a little cost of calculation. By improving the routing algorithm and key pre-distribution algorithm, the proposed safe routing algorithm can secure the application of container wharfs.更多还原