半导体金属硫化物、硒化物纳米材料的制备和表征

【作者】 肖育江；

【导师】 刘开宇；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 应用化学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文以生物分子或有机分子辅助并提供硫源或硒源,溶剂热法制备得到了特殊形貌的硫化物和硒化物半导纳米材料：刺球状Bi2S3纳米结构、树枝状PbSe纳米结构以及碗状Ag2Se纳米结构。一系列表征手段对其物相、形貌进行了表征,探索了它们可能的形成机理,并对相关材料在荧光、超疏水性能或光学性能进行了研究。1.以乙二醇为溶剂,生物分子谷胱甘肽辅助并提供硫源,溶剂热法合成得到了刺球状的Bi2S3纳米材料。通过X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、场发射扫描电镜、透射电镜、高分辨透射电镜、拉曼、X-射线光电子能谱、红外以及光致发光测试对所合成材料进行了表征。探索了刺球状纳米结构可能的形成机理。所合成的Bi2S3复合纳米结构能够控制表面的拓扑结构,从而制备出超疏水表面,静态水接触角大于1500,在环保方面具有潜在应用。2.以苯胺为溶剂,五元环硒吩提供硒源,溶剂热法合成得到了PbSe树枝状纳米结构。通过X-射线衍射、拉曼光谱对材料的相结构进行了研究。通过扫描电镜、场发射扫描电镜、透射电镜以及高分辨透射电镜对材料形貌进行了表征。研究了其荧光性质,对材料复杂结构的形成机理进行了探讨。通过接触角测试研究了疏水性能,接触角大于1500以及滚动角小于1°,表明材料具有超疏水性能。3.以苯胺为溶剂,五元环硒吩提供硒源,溶剂热法合成得到了正交相的P-Ag2Se碗状结构。X-射线衍射、拉曼光谱对材料的相结构进行了研究。通过场发射扫描电镜及高分辨透射电镜对材料形貌进行了表征。荧光测试研究了材料光学性能。通过紫外光催化降解罗丹明研究其光催化活性；静态水接触角测试研究发现材料的超疏水性能：接触角大于150°且滚动角小于1°。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the organic molecule or biological molecule assisting and providing the source of sulfur or selenylation, different morphology of sulfide and selenide: Bi2S3 urch-like nanostructure, PbSe nanodendrites and Ag2Se nanobowls, were prepared through a simple solvothermal route. The phase structures and the morphology of the as-synthesized samples were characterized by using a series of test. The possible formation mechanism is discussed. And also the photoluminescence(PL)、wetting behaviour or photocatalytic activiey were studied.1.Bi2S3 urch-like nanostructures were synthesized though a solvothermal route by using ethylene glycol as the solvent with biological molecule(GSH) assisting and providing the sulfure source. The as-synthesized sample was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD),Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission SEM (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman, X-ray photoelectron (XPS), and photoluminescence. The possible formation mechanism of the self-assembled urchin-like Bi2S3 complex nanostructures is discussed. The established complex nanostructure can control the surface topology of membrane to create superhydrophobic surface, The water contact angle (CA) of>150°can be obtained, which may find potential application in environmental chemistry.2.PbSe nanodendrites were synthesized though a solvothermal route by using aniline as the solvent with five-ring organic molecule selenophene assisting and providing the selenylation source. The phase structures of the as-synthesized samples were characterized by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The morphology and structures were studied by SEM, FESEM, TEM, and HRTEM. The photoluminescence properties and growth mechanism are also studied. The wetting behaviour study of the as-synthesized samples was studied by measuring CA. The water CA of over 150°and low sliding angle of 1°of the complex PbSe nanostructures can be obtained.3. Orthorhombic phaseβ-Ag2Se nanobowls were synthesized though a solvothermal route by using aniline as the solvent with five-ring organic molecule selenophene assisting and providing the selenylation source. The phase structures of the as-synthesized samples were characterized by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The morphology and structures were studied by FESEM, HRTEM.The photocatalytic activiey of the as-synthesizedβ-Ag2Se nanostructures was evaluated by photodegradation of rhodamine B(RhB) dye under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The water CA of over 150°and low sliding angle of 1°of the complex PbSe nanostructures can be obtained.更多还原