深井开采束状孔大规模落矿技术研究

【作者】 孟稳权；

【导师】 罗周全；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 矿业工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 大规模高效爆破新技术的开发与应用是未来地下矿山开采技术发展的关键环节之一。本文结合国家十五科研课题《束状孔当量球形药包大量落矿采矿技术》,针对冬瓜山铜矿具体工程实际,开展束状孔球形药包爆破技术的研究与应用。主要研究成果如下：(1)通过束状布孔的动光弹试验、高应力条件下介质爆破特性的动光弹试验和水下束状孔爆破等效应力场试验,研究了深井开采束状孔大规模落矿的爆破机理,确定了束状孔的单孔间距和最佳束间距。(2)运用FLAC3D软件对凿岩硐室开挖和破顶厚度进行数值模拟,分析了采场凿岩硐室底板和间柱的应力、位移及塑性区变化特性,确定了凿岩硐室底板合理的安全厚度,为爆破方案设计奠定了基础。(3)通过束状孔当量球形药包系列爆破漏斗试验,确定了束状孔当量球形药包的临界埋深、最佳埋深和最佳束间距,并对不同炸药的爆破漏斗进行了对比。(4)应用束状孔当量球形药包爆破机理研究和爆破漏斗试验结果,确定了束状孔大规模落矿方案和52-2#试验采场的爆破参数,进行了采准与落矿方案、爆破顺序和装药结构的设计,并提出了爆破有害效应的控制措施。(5)对52-2#试验采场进行了工业试验,实施了7m分层爆破和破顶爆破,测试了采场爆破震动速度和爆下矿石块度,指明了爆破实施要点。工业试验结果表明,束状孔大规模落矿法的生产能力、每米崩矿量、炸药单耗、凿岩爆破成本和大块率等主要经济指标明显优于大直径深孔阶段矿房法和VCR法。实践证明,束状孔大规模落矿技术具有爆炸能量利用率高、破岩效果好等优点,是一种安全、高效、高强度和低成本的落矿新技术。更多还原

【Abstract】 Exploitation and Application of Large-scale and Efficient new blasting technology is one key aspect of future development of underground mining technology. Combining with Tenth Five National Research Project "huge ore caving technology with spherical explosive cartridges and cluster drilling holes", based on the engineering practice of Dongguashan copper mine, research and application on blasting technology with spherical explosive cartridges and cluster drilling holes are carried out. The principal results are as follows:(1)By dynamic photoelastic experiment of cluster drilling holes and infusion blasting and radial crack characteristics, equivalent stress field experiment of underwater cluster drilling and blasting, pitch per hole and the best pitch of cluster drilling holes are obtained. Furthermore, large-scale mining program with cluster drilling holes are determined.(2)Using FLAC3D to make a numerical analysis of drilling chamber caving and stope mining, the variable law of stress, displacement and plastic zone of drilling chamber bottom of stope and spacer pillar are revealed and Safety thickness of drilling chamber bottom is Determined. which lays the foundation for the follow-up blasting design.(3)By blasting crater experiment of spherical explosive cartridges and cluster drilling holes, the best buried depth, critical depth and the best blasting pitch are determined, craters of different explosive are also compared.(4) Based on the results of blasting crater experiment of spherical explosive cartridges and cluster drilling holes, blasting pararameters of the 52-2# stope are determined, mining preparation and ore caving meathod, blasting sequence and charge structure are designed. Also, the control measures of harmful effects from blasting are proposed.(5) The 7m stratified blasting and top-breaking blasting are carried out in the 52-2# test stope, stope blasting vibration velocity and caved ore fragmentation are tested. Main economic indicators of huge ore caving technology with spherical explosive cartridges and cluster drilling holes are compared with the large-diameter deep-hole mining by sublevel room work method and VCR mining method.Practice has proved that the equivalent spherical charge fascicular hole blasting technique can reflect the deep vertical spherical charge of high energy utilization, the effect of a good advantage of rock-breaking, but also be able to overcome its high cost and large amount of mining and the adoption of quasi-pressure venue to manage complex shortcomings. it is a safe, efficient, high-intensity and low-cost new mining technology.更多还原