【作者】 崔桂凤；

【导师】 银山；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 人类对自然资源的盲目开发利用,工业废弃物的排放等是造成生态环境问题的重要原因。鄂尔多斯市位于内蒙古自治区西南部,地处鄂尔多斯高原腹地,属温带大陆性气候,生态环境脆弱。在人为因素和自然因素的共同作用下,鄂尔多斯市的生态环境问题已经成为人类关注的课题之一。本文以鄂尔多斯市为研究区,以2000、2005、2007年TM/ETM影像、全年降水量数据、污染物排放量以及水资源量为数据源,利用遥感图像处理系统ENVI和地理信息系统ARCGIS等软件对数据进行处理,提取生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数、水网密度指数、土地退化指数和环境负荷指数等指标,采用综合指数评价法,对鄂尔多斯市生态环境状况进行评价,同时,对鄂尔多斯市2000、2005、2007年土地利用和生态环境进行动态监测。研究结果表明,鄂尔多斯市的生态环境状况由中部向南北两侧逐渐变差。中部的东胜区、伊金霍洛旗、鄂托克旗和准格尔旗的生物种类相对繁多,植被覆盖面积较大,水资源丰富,土地退化程度较轻,但污染严重。处于南北边缘地带的杭锦旗、达拉特旗、鄂托克前旗及乌审旗,水资源短缺,土地退化严重,植被覆盖程度较差,生物种类单一,但污染较轻,这种特征在杭锦旗表现的最明显。研究区土地类型及生态环境变化特点表明,2000～2007年,鄂尔多斯市林地、草地、水域、耕地、城镇用地、农村居民点、建设用地等面积总体呈增加,未利用土地面积呈减少趋势;年生态环境质量指数呈增加趋势,生态环境质量向好的方向发展。2000～2005年,林地、草地、水域、城镇用地、农村居民点、工矿建设等面积总体呈增加趋势。耕地面积和未利用土地面积呈减少趋势;鄂尔多斯市生态环境指数几乎无明显变化,达拉特旗、伊金霍洛旗生态环境指数呈明显减小趋势,鄂托克旗、鄂托克前旗和乌审旗生态环境指数略有减小,东胜区、准格尔旗生态环境指数明显增加,杭锦旗生态环境指数虽也呈增加趋势,但变化幅度不显著。2005～2007年,草地、水域、耕地、城镇用地、农村用地等面积总体上呈增加趋势,林地面积、建设用地面积和未利用地面积在减少;鄂尔多斯市生态环境指数变化不显著,各旗(区)生态环境状况总体呈增加趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Natural resources are developed and utilized unreasonable, industrial waste emissions are discharged that is one of the environmental problems. Ordos city, the main part of Loess Plateau, situated in the north-west of Inner Mongolia that is the region with temperate continental climate, vulnerable ecological environment, space-time location of the precipitation is not well balanced, soil and water loss and desertification seriously. It is one of the most important problems that environmental problems were caused by unfriendly activities and natural factors together in Ordos city.In this paper, taking Ordos city as a sample region, all the factors which are related to environmental problems, for example, remote sensing image (TM/ETM), annual precipitation, quantity of pollutant discharged and water resources, are analyzed. Different indexes including BAI, NDVI, WDI, LDI and PLI are calculated using ENVI and GIS. Based on evaluation methodology of composite index, eco-environmental status is evaluated and LUCC and eco-environmental is dynamic monitored in Ordos city in 2000, 2005, 2007.The result shows that eco-environmental status worse gradually from the centre to two sides of north and south. There are more biological specimen, vegetative cover, water resources, land degradation in Dongsheng, Yijinhuoluo, Etuoke and Zhunge’e than Hangjin, Dalate, Etuokeqian and Wushen, especial Hangjin, but the character is reverse in pollution extent.Forest land, grassland, waters, cultivated land, urban land, village land, building land and EQI keeps increase tendency and EQ is better and better, but uncultivated land keeps decrease tendency for the period from 2000 to 2007. Forest land, grassland, waters, urban land, village land and building land keeps increase tendency and EQ is better and better, but EQI keeps on and cultivated land and uncultivated land keeps decrease tendency for the period from 2000 to 2005. About EQI, keeps on significantly decreased tendency in Dalate and Yijinhuoluo, in Etuoke, Etuokeqian and Wushen, too, but not obviously; while significantly increased tendency in Dongsheng and Zhunge’e, in Hangjin, too, but not obviously these time. Grassland, waters, cultivated land, urban land and village land keeps increase tendency, but Forest land, uncultivated land, building land keeps decrease tendency for the period from 2000 to 2007. Although EQI keeps on in Ordos, keeps increase tendency in total in every research unit. All the characters are shown based on analysis of land type and ecological-environment changes in Ordos更多还原