【作者】 郭忠良；

【导师】 郝润梅；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以呼和浩特市域做为研究区域,主要研究土地利用变化与生态功能效应响应问题研究。首先,在Arcview和Mapgis等地理信息系统的支持下,利用遥感影像信息、土地利用变更资料及经济统计等资料,借助于相关的数学模型,对呼和浩特1996—2005年土地利用时空变化,景观生态格局变化进行了研究,揭示了土地利用和景观生态格局变化特征;其次,建立了景观生态服务功能评价指标体系,并对三期景观生态服务功能价值进行了计算和分析。最后,对呼和浩特市土地利用变化与景观生态服务功能之间的响应关系进行了研究。研究结果显示:(1)土地利用与景观格局变化特征:各类型变化程度不一,耕地草地呈减少趋势,林地、建设用地、未利用地呈增加趋势;景观格局指数计算结果显示,呼和浩特市域景观格局总体呈现出破碎化度增大、优势度减少、多样性增加方向发展。(2)借鉴Costanza的17项和谢高地9项生态服务功能和指标,结合本地区资料情况确定呼和浩特7项评价指标,即生产功能,保持土壤功能,水源涵养功能,维持生物多样性功能,生态旅游功能,气体调节功能,环境净化功能。选取对生态功能贡献最大的四类景观生态系统进行了功能价值估算。(3)生态服务功能评估计算结果显示:1996-2005年市域景观生态系统服务功能总体呈增加趋势。其中林地生态系统的生态服务价值最大,其支持的生态功能最强。在整个生态系统服务功能中占有重要的位置。从功能类型看十年来增长最快的是旅游生态服务功能。气体调节功能,保持土壤功能,维持生物多样性功能在研究时段有所增加。环境净化功能与水源涵养功能略有减少。(4)从区域差异来看十年间各旗县的功能价值比例不断地发生变化,但呈现不断增长的趋势。托县的生态服务功能价值,一直处于最低位。和林县各年生态功能价值量变化不大,呼和浩特市区在研究时段生态功能价值呈不断地增加。武川县生态功能及其价值量变化比较大,土左旗的生态功能比较稳定,价值最高。清水河的生态功能价值也比较稳定,但其生态功能较弱,价值较低。(5)从整体来看呼和浩特生态景观功能服务价值不断地增加,功能不断地增强。表明呼和浩特在经济发展和城市化过程的同时,不断调整土地利用结构利用方式,重视生态环境的改善,生态环境有向良性循环方向发展的趋势。(6)综上所述, 1996-2005年十年间呼和浩特市域景观生态功能的改善得益于土地利用变化过程中林业用地类型的增加。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, Hohhot domain as the study area, mainly of land use change and ecological response to the question of functional effects. First of all, such as Arcview and Mapgis GIS support, Using remote sensing image information, land use change data and economic statistics, by means of the relevant mathematical model, Hohhot 1996-2005 on land use change, changes in the landscape ecological pattern has been studied, Reveals the pattern of land use and landscape ecological variation; Second, the establishment of a landscape ecosystem services of evaluation index system, And three landscape value of ecosystem services were calculated and analyzed. Finally, Land Use Change and Landscape response relationship between the services was studied.The results showed:(1) land use and landscape pattern characteristics: the type of change varies, Tended to decrease grass land, forest land, construction land and unused land tended to increase; Landscape indices showed, Hohhot domain landscape showing a fragmentation degree of the overall increase, Reduce the dominance and diversity increase direction.(2) reference Costanza’s 17 and thank Heights 9 and indicators for ecosystem services, Information on the situation in the region combined with Hohhot 7 evaluation to determine. The production function, soil conservation function, water conservation, maintaining biodiversity, functional, eco-tourism features, gas regulation functions, environmental purification. Select the largest contribution to the ecological function of the four categories of landscape ecosystems of the function value.(3) ecosystem services assessment results show: Urban Landscape 1996-2005, ecosystem services domain increased generally. In which the ecological forest ecosystem service value of the largest ecological functions of its strongest support, Ecosystem services in the whole occupied an important position. Years from the function type to see the fastest growth in the tourism ecosystem services. Gas regulation and function of soil functions, maintenance of biodiversity features in the study period increased. Environmental purification function decreased slightly with water conservation.(4) years from the regional differences of view between the functional value of all counties in the proportion of constant change, But shows a growing trend. County asked the value of ecosystem services, has been in the lowest. And Linn County the annual Value of Ecological function changed little, Hohhot area in the study period the value of ecological functions were increasing. Ecological Function and Value Wuchuan quite big changes, the ecological functions of soil Zuoqi, more stable, the highest value. Qingshuihe value of the ecological function of relatively stable, but their ecological function is weak, low value.(5) on the whole ecological landscape function Hohhot services value increasing, function is growing. That Hohhot in the process of economic development and city, while constantly adjusting land use structure, use patterns, Attention to the improvement of ecological environment, ecological environment virtuous circle direction to the trend.(6) above, Hohhot domain 1996-2005 decade to improve the ecological functions of the landscape due to land use change process in the increase of forest land types, Forestry land utilization to improve the value of ecosystem services is tourism, the value of gas regulation functions to maintain soil function value to their message.更多还原