【作者】 顾晓达；

【导师】 丁文英；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古大学 ， 民商法学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着经济的飞速发展,在矿产资源利用过程中,产生了一系列严重的生态环境问题,诸如植被破坏、水土流失、土地塌陷、水污染、大气污染等等。这些问题严重影响了人类的生存环境,影响了人类的健康,于是引起了一个新的值得讨论的话题—谁来保护、如何保护矿区环境?环境遭到破环和污染,究其原因最根本的是我国的矿产资源利用制度。《物权法》、《矿产资源法》等法律的规定不完善,导致对采矿权人的义务规定不具体、强制性不强、环境保护的成本过低、环境监督管理弱化等。环境权理论的产生及实践对采矿权人的环境保护义务产生了积极的意义,使得采矿权人不仅成为享有环境权利的主体,更成为环境保护义务的责任主体,具有了法律应该强制的,实现公共利益必须的义务。而且随着环境权的产生,可持续发展的理论在经济发展中被重视起来,这使得采矿权人的节约、合理开采义务,采矿后的矿区恢复义务等开始被重视。采矿权人的环境保护义务包括预防性义务和在开采中的义务。预防性的环境保护义务主要体现在采矿权人环境影响评价报告义务上,即采矿权人通过制定开采计划、对周围环境的考察及开采中可能产生的环境问题的预测,最终提出解决环境的措施,形成环境影响评价报告。开采过程中采矿权人的环境保护义务,包括建立矿山环境保护专门机构,预防和治理污染,植被的恢复绿化等等。另外,因为合理开采矿产资源对环境保护有重要的意义,采矿权人也应当通过规范开采技术、综合利用、对尾矿等进行再利用等合理开采矿产资源并有效的防止环境坡坏和污染等。采矿权人要履行上述关于环境保护的义务,应当通过缴纳补偿金的方式来完成,这一制度称环境补偿制度。国家在这一制度中起到非常重要的作用,国土资源部和地方国土资源行政管理部门要严格执行环境补偿制度的有关规定,监督采矿权人履行环境保护的义务,最终有效的防止矿产资源开发利用过程中产生的各种环境问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, along with the economical swift development, in the process of mineral resource using,there are a series of serious ecological environment problems, Such as the plants destroys, soil erosion, water pollution, air pollution and so on. These problems influence the living environment and the health of humanity seriously, therefore caused a new topic worth discussed—who and how protects the mining area environment? The environment was destroyed and pollution, the deficiency of the fundamental reason is our country’s mineral resource using system. "Reality of laws", "Mineral resource Law" and other legal caused the unspecific of mining right holder duty’s provision; compulsory weak; environmental protection cost low; attenuation of environment management and so on.The production and the practice of environment power theory has had the positive significance to the mining right holder environmental protection duty. It enables the mining right holder not only become the environmental right main body, but also the main body of environmental protection duty, and have the law forced; the public interest essentially realized duty. Moreover along with the environment power’s production, sustainable development theory is taken into important consideration in the economic development.This theory has also influenced the mining right holder environmental protection duty, causes the mining right holder to save and reasonable mining in the process of mineral \resource mining; carries on the recoverable construction after mining and so on. The mining right holder environmental protection duty includes the preventive voluntary and in the actual mining mineral resource duty. The preventive environmental protection duty mainly manifests in the mining right holder environmental effect evaluation report duty, Namely the mining right holder through formulating production program, inspect the environment possibly produced, forecast the environment problems in mining, and finally proposed the solution environment measure, forms the environmental effect evaluation report. In the actual mining mineral resource duty including establish environment protection agency; pollution prevention and management; plant restoration; land reclamation and so on. Because the mineral resource using reasonable have the vital significance to the environmental protection, the mining right holder must have the reasonable mining mineral resource duty.The mining right holder wants to fulfill the environmental protection duty above, should pay some expenses. This system is called environment compensation system. The country plays the vital role in this system, the land resources department and the place land resources administrative service division must strictly fulfill the related environment compensation system in the mining area environment, better make sure mining right holder to protect and restore the mining area environment. Finally prevent each kind of environment problems in the process of mineral resource using effectively.更多还原