【作者】 何盈；

【导师】 李延； 罗涛；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 农业资源利用， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 蔬菜是人们日常生活中必不可少的重要食品,也是我国重要的出口农产品之一。硝酸盐是蔬菜中的3大污染物之一,硝酸盐含量超标已成为影响蔬菜品质的重要因素之一,如何降低蔬菜硝酸盐含量,满足人们食用蔬菜的安全性和提高蔬菜的出口创汇能力已成为农业环保等业界的研究热点。本文通过盆栽试验和室内培养实验,研究不同硝化抑制剂及其组合对蔬菜硝酸盐累积的影响,旨在为降低蔬菜硝酸盐含量提供依据。主要结果如下：(1)随硫脲用量的增加,菠菜的单株重、株高和叶绿体色素含量均有提高；硫脲能显著降低菠菜硝酸盐含量,随着硫脲用量的增加,降低效果提高,其中硫脲用量为7%时,降低效果达极显著水平。硫脲对土壤NO3--N累积的抑制作用随硫脲用量的增加而增强,硫脲用量达7%时,抑制作用表现为极显著。(2)添加不同水平2-巯基苯并噻唑(0-9%)对菠菜的单株重及株高都有一定的增长效果,且随着2-巯基苯并噻唑用量的增加呈增长趋势。随着2-巯基苯并噻唑用量增加,菠菜硝酸盐含量和土壤NO3--N含量均总体显降低趋势,但只有9%的2-巯基苯并噻唑用量对蔬菜的抑制效果达显著水平。(3)添加不同硝化抑制剂(10%双氰胺、5%硫脲和9%2-巯基苯并噻唑)对菠菜的单株重、株高都有显著的提高,其中,9%的2-巯基苯并噻唑的增长效果最好。对菠菜硝酸盐含量和其对应的土壤NO3--N含量均有显著地降低作用。其中,10%双氰胺抑制效果最好,9%的2-巯基苯并噻唑效果次之,5%硫脲居后。(4)3种不同硝化抑制剂及其组合对蔬菜产量和品质的影响试验的结果表明,尿素配施3种不同硝化抑制剂及其组合的清江白硝酸盐含量呈现相似的波动曲线,菜体硝酸盐总体呈降低的趋势。配施不同硝化抑制剂及其组合的清江白,收获时菜体硝酸盐比对照减少13.21%-70.86%,产量增加3.45%-59.42%。单施3种硝化抑制剂的作用效果以10%双氰胺效果最好,从组合看,整体表现为配施10%双氰胺的组合效果较好,其中添加3种硝化抑制剂组合(硝化抑制剂I+Ⅱ+Ⅲ处理)的硝化抑制作用效果最佳。对双氰胺的残留量研究表明,双氰胺施用67d后的降解率为89.93%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vegetables are indispensible food in our daily life, and also are one of the important exported agricultural products.Nitrate in vegetables is one of three big pollutants, and the exceeding content of nitrate has become one of influencing the important factors of vegetable quality. How to reduce the content of nitrate in vegetables,and satisfy people’s safety in eating vegetables and improve the ability to export vegetables, has become the hot point of research in the agricultural environmental protection industry etc.Through experimental research and indoor cultivation, the pot experiment has studied the combination of different nitrification inhibitors and accumulation of nitrate in vegetables, aiming to provide some references in reducing the content of nitrate in vegetables. Main results are as follows:(1)The spinach of single plant weight and height increased through different thiourea dosages.The content of spinach chloroplasts pigment content increased with the amount of it. And it could significantly decrease the spinach nitrate content. The reducing effects which reached extremely significant level when thiourea’s dosage was 7%, increased with the amount of it.Thiourea effecting on the inhibiting effect of Soil NO3--N accumulation inhibition, increased with the amount of it. When its dosage was 7%, it reached extremely significant level.(2)The spinach of single plant weight and height had a certain growing effect, when adding different level (0-9%) 2-mercaptobenzothiazole to it, and they appeared a growing trend with the amount of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole.Spinach nitrate content and soil nitrate nitrogen concentration both generally decreased, with the increasing of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, but only 9% of its dosage reached significant level.(3)Spinach of single plant weight and height improved significantly, when adding different nitrification inhibitors (10% dicyandiamide and 5% thiourea and 9% 2-mercaptobenzothiazole) to it. Among of them,growing effect was the best adding 9% 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. Content of nitrate in spinach and its corresponding soil NO3--N concentration had significantly reduced.Among of them,10% dicyandiamide inhibition effect was the best, and 9% 2-mercaptobenzothiazole ranked second,and 5% thiourea ranked third.(4) Adapting three different kinds of nitrification inhibitors combination on the yield and quality of vegetables, the results indicated that content of nitrate qingjiang white appeared similar fluctuation curves,as urea fertilizer combined application with three different nitrification inhibitors combinations,and nitrate content of the food generally reduced.Combined application of different nitrification inhibitors and with the combination of qingjiang white, the nitrate content of vegetables reduced by 13.21%-70.86% comparing to CK, and the yield increased by 3.45%-59.42%. Single applying three nitrification inhibitors,10% dicyandiamide was the best effect. As far as combination was concerned,10% dicyandiamide combined application was relatively better from overall performance.Among of them, adding three kinds of nitrification inhibitors (nitrification inhibitorsⅠ+Ⅱ+Ⅲtreatments), the process of nitrating inhibition effect was the best.The residue of dicyandiamide research indicated that its degradation rate was 89.93% after applying 67days.更多还原