【作者】 邢杰；

【导师】 杨保平；

【作者基本信息】 兰州理工大学 ， 化学工艺， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 防污涂料是防止海洋生物附着的最简便有效的方法,从传统的常规型防污涂料到目前研究最为活跃的无毒防污涂料,开发有效防污并且对环境友好的防污涂料非常重要。国际海事组织(IMO)从2003年1月1日起开始执行有机锡涂料的使用禁令,并于2008年1月1日起完全禁止使用此类防污涂料。为此,近年来各国涂料界又开始致力于研发新型防污涂料及新型防污剂。芦竹碱类化合物是一种生物碱,它具有高效的杀菌性能。本论文选取芦竹碱类化合物作为研究的对象,将其作为一种新型的、有效的、环保的防污剂应用到涂料中。芦竹碱防污剂的高效和对环境友好特性,使其在海洋防污涂层中具有广阔的应用前景。本文中芦竹碱,2-溴芦竹碱是两种生物碱类化合物,此类物质具有较强的生物杀菌性。由于其杀菌的功能此类物质被应用到防污过程中,并取得了理想的效果。同时其对环境的无害性更是传统防污剂的理想替代品。本文合成了芦竹碱、2-溴芦竹碱并将其应用到涂料中。通过对反应时间、反应温度、pH值等主要影响因素的考察,确定了最佳的合成工艺,并将合成的防污剂应用到涂料中配制成环保型的防污涂料。反应体系的pH值为11,反应温度为30-35℃,反应时间为6小时左右下,合成工艺最优。利用红外光谱对合成的防污剂的结构进行了基本的确定。以环氧树脂为基料,配制防污涂料并进行了各项性能指标检测。利用观测抑制细菌增长情况和细菌数目减少的方式,在实验室中进行了自制的杀菌实验,证明了合成的防污剂具有明显的杀菌性。本文首次合成了新型芦竹碱化合物二羟基芦竹碱,并讨论了利用曼尼奇反应合成新型防污剂二羟基芦竹碱的反应机理。以吲哚和二乙醇胺、甲醛为原料,在乙酸催化下合成了二羟基芦竹碱。通过考察温度、时间、pH值三个主要因素对反应的影响,利用正交实验给出最佳的合成条件：反应时间6h,反应温度25℃,pH值为11；利用FT-IR,1HNMR对合成的防污剂进行了结构的表征,最终确定了二羟基芦竹碱的化学式为C13H18O2N2,分子量为234g/mol,熔点为44℃,并将此防污剂进行杀菌实验,抑制细菌环的直径增大约2cm。结果表明,此防污剂具有明显的杀菌性能。最后,本文将合成的二羟基芦竹碱作为防污剂添加到涂料中,配制成防污涂料。对其涂料的基本性能和防污性能进行了实验,达到基本要求。合成的新型芦竹碱化合物二羟基芦竹碱是一种对环境和人类健康没有危害的环保型有机防污剂。二羟基芦竹碱由于本身的结构性质使其具有明显地杀菌效果,另外二羟基芦竹碱结构中含有两个羟基基团,因此可以将二羟基芦竹碱以化学反应的方式高分子化,接枝在树脂上也可以作为合成基体树脂的单体。利用这种方式可以改性成具有自身防污效果的高分子化合物,达到树脂自身具有防污效果的目的,从而使配制的防污涂料具有长效防污的效果,极具科研价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Antifouling paints is the most simple and effective method to prevent marine organisms attached. From the traditional type to the present non-toxic antifouling coatings, Exploitation of efficient and environment friendly antifouling paint is very important. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) began to imply a ban on the use of organic tin coating from January 1,2003 and such antifouling paint is totally prohibited to use on January 1,2008.Therefore, in recent years, many countries begin to develop new antifouling coatings and new antifouling agent.Gramine is a kind of alkaloids, it has high sterilization performance. This thesis, Gramine as the object of study, as a new effective and environmentally friendly antifouling agent is used in paints. Gramine antifouling agent’s efficient and environment-friendly features makes the marine anti-fouling coatings having wide application prospect.In this paper,Gramine,2-bromo Gramine are synthesized and applied to the anti-fouling coating. Based on the reaction time, reaction temperature, pH of the main factors affecting of the reaction system, determine the optimal synthetic process:the pH value of 11, reaction temperature for 30-35 degrees Celsius, the reaction time for 6 hours.In this paper, new compounds two-hydroxy Gramine is first synthesized, and discusse the reaction mechanism of using Mannicci reaction to Synthesis two-hydroxy Gramine. With indoles,diethanolamine and formaldehyde as raw materials, in acid catalyzed synthesis of two-hydroxy Gramine. By examining the temperature, time, pH value of the three main factors on the reaction, using the orthogonal experiment gives the best synthesis conditions:reaction time 6h, the reaction temperature 25℃, pH= 11; Using FT-IR, 1HNMR to characte the structure of the anti-fouling agents, finalized two-hydroxy Gramine chemical formula C13H18O2N2, molecular weight 234g/mol, melting point 44℃, Using the antifouling agent to make sterilization experiment, the diameter of inhibiting ring increasing around 2cm. The result shows that the antifouling agent has obvious antifouling properties.Finally, the synthesized 2-hydroxy-Gramine as anti-fouling agents is added to the coating, to compound antifouling paint.The basic properties of coating and antifouling properties are discussed, meetting the basic requirements.The first synthesized 2-hydroxy-Gramine is a kind of environment-friendly organic antifouling agent. Due to its structural properties,2-hydroxy-Gramine bactericidal effect is obvious.2-hydroxy Gramine structure contains two hydroxyl groups, so it can be grafted onto the resin in the way of chemical reaction of polymer or be used as synthetic resin monomer. Achieve to the purpose, resin itself has an effect of pollution prevention, of great scientific value.更多还原