【作者】 陈勃言；

【导师】 盛连喜；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过对位于吉林省东部长白山北麓龙岗山脉中段辉南县境内的金川沼泽湿地灌木优势种油桦(Betula fruticosa var. ruprechtiana Trauty.)种群的数量特征、径级结构及空间分布格局与湿地水文、土壤养分及理化特征等进行分析,运用CCA排序对影响油桦在该湿地分布的主要环境因子进行分析,按照油桦种群的实际分布情况及与河流距离的不同,设置了两条样带共计8块样地。得出以下结果:1根据油桦个体径级结构,油桦种群在金川沼泽湿地中可以划分为两类:Ⅰ、距离河流较远的油桦种群具有一定程度上的增长种群的特征。Ⅱ、距离河流较近的油桦种群具有比较明显的稳定种群的特征。2根据油桦种群空间格局的分布特征,可以将其分为三类:Ⅰ、距离河流较远且水位较低的湿地北部,油桦在各个尺度上均呈现出随机分布的格局。Ⅱ、分布在湿地的西北角的油桦格局特点是:在较小尺度上呈聚集分布,而后随着尺度的增加,聚集程度下降,而呈现出随机分布的格局。Ⅲ、距离河流较近,且水位较高的湿地南部,油桦分布格局随着尺度的增加聚集分布趋势加强或保持一定。3样地中其它小灌木(沼柳(Salix rosmarinifolia L.)、蓝靛果忍冬(Lonicera edulis Turcz.)和绣线菊(Spiraea salicifolia L.))对油桦的分布格局影响很小,油桦在湿地中的分布主要受自身的生长特点和环境因子的影响。4根据CCA排序结果可知,影响油桦种群分布的环境因子主要是水中营养元素含量、水体酸性和水位,土壤养分对其影响不大。根据环境因子的特征,可将8个样地中油桦种群划分为三类:Ⅰ、水位较低,水体酸性较强;此处油桦种群具有一定的增长种群特征;Ⅱ、水位较高,水体营养情况较差;油桦具有明显的增长种群特征,且在大尺度上基本均为随机分布格局;Ⅲ、其环境特征为水体营养状况极好,油桦具有较明显的稳定种群特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 Jinchuan mire-wetland wetland has located on east Jilin province——Huinan county,Changbai Mountain north slpoes and Longgang moutain middle. This paper has studied on the Betula fruticosa var. ruprechtiana Trauty. population and environmental factors and the relationships between them,by the CCA ordination way,find out the main environmental impact factors that has influence on the Betula fruticosa var. ruprechtiana Trauty. population distribution. According to the distance from the river and the Betula fruticosa var. ruprechtiana Trauty. species distribution,set up two transect with eight plots. Conclusions were as follows:1. Based on age composition, Betula fruticosa var. ruprechtiana Trauty. population’s population can be divided into two categories:Ⅰ. Betula fruticosa var. ruprechtiana Trauty. in plots farther from the river have a certain degree of growth population characteristics.Ⅱ. Betula fruticosa var. ruprechtiana Trauty. in plots close to the river have a more obvious characteristics of the stability populations.2. Betula fruticosa var. ruprechtiana Trauty. population in the 8 survey plots showed three categories distribution pattern:Ⅰ. Betula fruticosa var. population in plots that have lower water level and farther from the river showing a random distribution pattern at various scales .Ⅱ. Distribution pattern of Betula fruticosa var. ruprechtiana Trauty. population in plots at northwest of the wetland showed: there is aggregated distribution in smaller scaler, and then as the scale increases, aggregation levels declined, while showing a random distributtion pattern.Ⅲ. Betula fruticosa var. ruprechtiana Trauty. population at the sourth of the wetland close to the river and on a higher water level, it showing the aggregation distribution pattern trend or have little change as the scale increases.3. Other shrubs have little effects on the distribution of Betula fruticosa var. ruprechtiana Trauty. population. The distribution of Betula fruticosa var. ruprechtiana Trauty. population was primarily affected by its own characteristics and environmental factors.4. According to CCA results suggest: The environmental factors primarily affect the distribution of Betula fruticosa var. ruprechtiana Trauty. population are water level, water pH and total nitrogen content, but the soil nutrient has little influence on it. According to the characteristics of environmental factors, the eight quadrats can be divided into:Ⅰ, Stronger acidity, have a certain degree of growth population characteristics.Ⅱ, Lower water level and poor nurtion in water, have growth population characteristics and random distribution pattern at large scales .Ⅲ, Well nourished in water, have obvious characteristics of the stability populations.更多还原