【作者】 穆艾塔尔·赛地；

【导师】 瓦哈甫·哈力克；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 自然地理学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着绿洲人口继续增长及随后而来的生产规模的增大,绿洲开发过程加快、绿洲规模不断扩大。在干旱区绿洲有限的自然资源和脆弱的生态环境背景下绿洲规模的扩张有两种可能的结果:一是,当扩张保持在一定的限度之内时,它具有建设性作用,会巩固绿洲系统功能,为干旱区人类提供舒适的生存环境,足够的生产空间和更多的社会经济财富;二是,作为干旱区的脆弱系统,当绿洲扩张超过一定的限度,往往会起着破坏性作用,出现一些不可恢复的严重生态环境问题,使绿洲易失其稳定性,走向崩溃。因此,充分剖析绿洲体系及其内容,提高人类对绿洲及其发展规律的认识、科学实施绿洲的规划与开发、有效长期的组织绿洲,适当的选择绿洲系统发展模式、正确引导发展方向具有十分重要的战略意义。本文以自组织为指导思想,从绿洲的系统性、整体性、复杂性特征出发树立了基于自组织的绿洲发展观,并在此基础上进一步对绿洲自然适宜性进行了评价,因此,内容上可分为两大部分:一是基于自组织的理论研究;二是基于RS/GIS空间分析的实例研究。在理论研究中本文着力揭示绿洲系统的自组织发展规律,主要研究成果为:(1)自组织理论在解释绿洲复杂系统的发生、发展、演化过程方面是一种非常强大而有效的理论依据;(2)绿洲系统的发展是由干旱环境背景下的特殊自然地理要素的自发演化所构成的自组织与由人为进行的规划与干预所构成的他组织的复合发展过程;(3)绿洲系统具有开放性、非平衡性、非线性、涨落等明显的自组织特征,有着从非组织到组织、从组织程度低到组织程度高、复杂度不断增长等自组织演化过程;(4)绿洲系统中自组织与他组织的相互影响机制决定着绿洲系统运行态势及其特征。新疆绿洲发展的特征分析充分揭示并验证了绿洲系统的自组织与他组织特征与演化过程,充实了绿洲研究的理论体系及其内容,为提高我们对绿洲发展规律的认识、科学实施他组织、有效长期的组织绿洲,为正确引导绿洲系统发展过程与方向提供了科学的理论依据。本文在理论研究成果基础上,基于特定研究区自然因素(自组织因素)及其空间特征信息,在RS/GIS技术支持下证明了理论成果的应用价值与操作方式,对研究区进行了绿洲自然适宜性评价,对研究结果进行了分级分类。结果表明:在且末县境内属于各类适宜类型(包括高度适宜、中等适宜和勉强适宜)的土地总面积只有3118km2,占县土地总面积的2.234%,适宜绿洲的发展与开发、适宜人类进行生产和改造;将近97.8%的区域由于自然环境条件不允许,属于不适宜面积,不适宜开发与发展、不适宜人类的居住与生存。由此可知,绿洲的分布与发展在很大程度上受到各种自然因素的支配与控制,只有各种自然因素在时空上适当耦合、满足人类最基本生活条件时才能有人口分布与发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid population growth and expantion of manufacturing in the aridareas, the exploitation of oases have been enhancing through out the resent fifty yearsintensively and its scale have been increasing significantly. As a result, a series ofeco environment related problems are becoming more and more serious due to thelimited natural resourses and fragile eco environment in the arid areas. Therefore,close attentions must be paid to the posssible consequences of this changes as below:On one hand, if the expantion of oases controlled in reasonable scale, it has aconstructive function from which the whole oases system benefit and providesufficient ground for human activities; On the other hand, if the expantion of oasesexceeded a proper scale which largely depend on the limited natural resourses andfragile eco environment, it can be destructive to the oases system as a whole andinevitably lead to some serious eco environmental problems. Therefore, study theoases system in a well round way and enhance our awareness of its workingmechanism have significant role in the rational programming and organizing of oaseson a long term base and for promoting sustainable development.In this paper we managed to introduce the self organization theory into oasesstudy by applying both theoretical and practical approaches. So both the context andstudy method of this paper can be devided into two main subsections, the former on istheoretical analysis of oases system based on theoretical approach asSelf organization; The latter one is practical study of related study area based on RS&GIS technology.Theoretical research results of this study can be concluded as below:Self organization is a process where the organization of a system spontaneouslyincreases without being controlled by the external system. As new kind of worldviewfor human to understand the universe and things, self organization can be a very reasonable explanation for the evolving process of complex systems. Constructed bynumbers of sub system and complex non linear correlation between them, oasessystem belongs to a typical self organizing system. This paper analyze thecharacteristics and evolving process of oases system by applying self organizationtheory through the case study from XinJiang oases system. The characteristics andworking mechanisms of both self organizing and other organizing process have beenintroduced to analyze the evolving process while putting the focus onself organization. Results indicate that oases system has the obvious features ofself organizing system such as being open, non balanced, non linear and fluctuation.Self organizing process in oases system spontaneously takes place by three steps,from non organization to organization, from low level of organization to high levelorganization and constant increasement of complexity. These three processesmanifested respectively in the spontaneous formation of oasis in a proper environment,proliferation and atrophy of oasis scale and evolution of oasis function and structure.Evolution of oases system is a compound and complex process which is constructedby the self organization based on natural factors and other organization implementedby human activities.The operational status and characteristics of oases system at a certain time perioddepend on the relationship and interacting mechanism between the self organizationand other organization in this system. They have three types of possible influence.Firstly, the development of oases system can be increased to a great degree with theassistance of other organization measures during the process of self organization. Inthis case oases system will tend to reinforce itself, but close attentions must be paidinorder to avoid causing some negative feedbacks. Secondly, when self organizationand other organization deviated from each other, it will break down the intrinsic orderin oases system and oases system will develop to the direction of disorder anddestruction. Finally, the harmonious and synchronous development of self organization and other organization can make oases system play it`s best functionand keep the trend of healthy and sustainable development. Some typical examplesfrom the XinJiang oases have been given correspondingly to support the theoreticalanalysis. This study can provide scientific basis for understanding the oases systemfrom the point of view of self organization, implementing other organizing processscientifically and organizing oases system in a more effective way and on a long termbasis.Practical research results of this study can be concluded as below:It is well known that there are many natural factors (self organizing factors)which influnce the development of oases. Among them factors like terrain, climate,water and LUCC condition are very significant and dominant. In this paper we, firstly,set up a database at 1km×1km cellsize and projected coordinate system of WGS 1984UTM Zone 45N which include the data of terrain, climate and LUCC condition ofstudy area (Cherchen county) and conducted a deep research on the spatialdistribution patterns of each factor respectively; Secondly, we evaluated the naturalsuitability of oases by applying both single factor and multi factor comprehensiveevaluation models in which the weight of each single factor was determined via thecorrelation between the four factors and population distribution respectively; Finally,according to the culculated oasis natural sutibility index, we proposed reasonableevaluation criteria of oasis natural sutibility index and devided whole study area intofour different types as high suitable area, middle suitable area, critical suitable areaand non suitable area respectively. From the results we can see clearly that thedistribution and development of oases restricted by the natural factoces to a greatextent in the arid areas and the proper combinition of all kind of natural resourceswere essential to the human existence here.更多还原