【作者】 白洁；

【导师】 帕提古丽·马合木提；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 植物学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 天山花楸是一种传统的民族药用植物。近年来,主要研究了其药理活性、育苗技术,而有效成分研究方面相对薄弱。本文旨在深入研究天山花楸三类有效成分的含量,为进一步探索其药理活性,合理利用天山花楸这种资源提供理论依据。有机溶剂提取法提取天山花楸化学成分并进行了定性研究。结果表明其根、茎、叶和果实中含多种化学成分,包括:糖类、黄酮、生物碱、氨基酸、蛋白质、酚类、有机酸、强心苷、挥发油、甾类。分光光度法测定天山花楸不同部位三类有效成分的含量。结果表明:各类有效成分在植株中的分布状况均有所不同。总黄酮得率:果6.34%,茎4.87%,叶4.43%,根3.93%;总生物碱得率:茎0.81%,根0.43%,叶0.24%,果0.21%;多糖得率:果4.63%,叶2.06%,茎1.00%,根0.89%。设计单因素实验和正交试验对超声提取天山花楸果实多糖进行了最佳工艺筛选。结果表明:料液比、超声时间、超声功率为影响多糖得率的主要因素。最佳工艺条件为:95%乙醇进行醇沉操作,料液比1:45,超声时间45min,超声功率240W。此时多糖的得率为5.94%,料液比对多糖得率有显著影响。DEAE-52柱层析分离纯化最佳工艺下所提取,脱蛋白洗涤后的天山花楸果实多糖,得4个天山花楸果实酸性多糖组分:PST1、PST2、PST3、PST4。结果表明:酸性多糖在粗多糖中的收率为50.26%,在原材料中的得率2.99%。其中PST3组分得率最高为1.37%,其他组分均在0.55%左右。用紫外光谱和红外光谱法进行了结构初步分析。证明PST1、PST2、PST3、PST4确实为不含核酸和蛋白质等大分子杂质以及色素杂质的酸性多糖化合物,其中PST2很可能为单一多糖。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sorbus tianschanica Rupr. is a medicinal plant. Recently, studies mainly focused on pharmacological effects and seedling cultivations, which lack on effective components. This paper was study on content of three effective components from Sorbus tianschanica Rupr., which will provide theory evidence and reference for the development of pharmacodynamica and the application of this resources.The method of organic solvent extraction was used to research effective components of the whole Sorbus tianschanica Rupr.. The results showed that there are many kinds of effective components in the Sorbus Tianschanica’s every nutritious organs, including carbohydrate, flavonoid, alkaloid, amino acid, protein, phenol, organic acid, cardiac glycosides, volatile oil and steroid.Spectrophotometric method was proposed for the determination of three effective components in different parts of Sorbus tianschanica. The results indicated that different effective components in the plant has different save manner. The content of totle flavonoid: fruits 6.34%, stems 4.87%, leaves 4.43%, roots 3.93%; the content of totle alkaloid: stems 0.81%, roots 0.43%, leaves 0.24%, fruits 0.21%; the content of polysaccharides: fruits 4.63%, leaves 2.06%, stems 1.00%, roots 0.89%.The optimum extraction condition of polysaccharides in fruits by ultrasonic waves was investigated by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The results showed that ratio of solid to liquid, ultrasonic time and ultrasonic power were determined as main factors which affect the content of polysaccharides. The optimized conditions: ethanol concentration is 95%, ratio of solid to liquid is 1:45, ultrasonic time is 45min, ultrasonic power is 240W. In these conditions, the content of polysaccharides is 5.94%. Ratio of solid to liquid has an obviously effect.Polysaccharides in fruits was extracted by ultrasonic waves on the optimum extraction condition, and then getting rid of protein and washing with alcohol. PST1-PST4 were got after dealing with by DEAE-52 column.The results showed that the content of acid polysaccharides from the crude polysaccharides is 50.26%, is 2.99% from the Sorbus tianschanica fruits. The content of PST3 is 1.37% which is the most, the other are all 0.55% up and down. UV Spectrum and IR Spectrum were used to analyse structures. The results indicated that PST1-PST4 are all acid polysaccharides without protein, colour and other substance. And maybe the PST2 is a pure polysaccharide.更多还原