【作者】 明亮；

【导师】 娄远来；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农药学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 不使用或很少使用有机溶剂,对环境友好的农药水基性制剂悬浮剂(suspension concentrate)、水分散粒剂(water dispersible granule)、水乳剂(emulation in water),成为国内外农药剂型的发展方向。本研究以空心莲子草作为防除靶标植物,对氯氟吡氧乙酸和麦草畏最优配比进行筛选,并对WDG剂型配方及加工技术进行研究,明确了氯氟吡氧乙酸和麦草畏复配的最佳比例,氯氟吡氧乙酸·麦草畏WDG的最佳配方；通过安全性测定,明确了氯氟吡氧乙酸·麦草畏WDG对小麦和直播水稻的安全使用技术；通过生物测定和田间试验,研究了延长控制空心莲子草的应用技术。结果如下：氯氟吡氧乙酸和麦草畏复配防治空心莲子草具有明显的增效作用,通过等效线法得到氯氟吡氧乙酸与麦草畏在15.62：12.28=8：7时增效最明显,确定最优配方为氯氟吡氧乙酸·麦草畏75%,其它辅助成分25%。通过试验得到符合WDG标准的优化配方。具体的配方如下：有效成分：75%；润湿剂：10%,分散剂：3%,崩解剂：2%,粘结剂：1%,载体补足。氯氟吡氧乙酸·麦草畏WDG为浅黄色圆柱状颗粒,粒度在1.0mm左右,原药有效含量为75±1%,pH值为6～8,水分≤1%,悬浮率≥90%,润湿时间≤60s,崩解时间≤3min。75%氯氟吡氧乙酸.麦草畏WDG对空心莲子草的鲜重抑制,在剂量15g/667m2下,与20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC40g/667m2和48%麦草畏AS20g/667m2在5%的显著水平上存在显著差异性；75%氯氟吡氧乙酸·麦草畏WDG在剂量15g/667m2下,对空心莲子草植株再生防效达到81.06%，20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC40g/667m2的防效为47.79%,48%麦草畏AS20g/667m2的防效为-1.20%,三者之间均存在显著性差异；通过对空心莲子草的解剖结构分析,初步推断为：空心莲子草受药后茎表面出现不定根(或茎)的分化刺激茎节中细胞结构的变化可能阻碍药剂的传导扩散,是造成各类除草剂防效差的原因之一,防治空心莲子草要适当加大用药量。生物安全性测定表明：75%氯氟吡氧乙酸·麦草畏WDG在小麦四叶一心期使用安全；在小麦二叶一心期、三叶一心期在推荐使用量25g/667m2以下安全,高于推荐使用量不安全,出现植株疯长畸形。75%氯氟吡氧乙酸·麦草畏WDG在所设剂量下水稻二叶一心期、三叶一心期、四叶一心期都安全。为了进一步明确75%氯氟吡氧乙酸·麦草畏WDG防治旱地空心莲子草的效果,本研究分别对旱地空心莲子草多发地点进行田间药效试验。结果表明：该药剂防除空心莲子草效果好,持效期较长,施药量30g／667m2的15d、45d防效分别为80.86%、93.94%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water-based pesticide formulations of SC、WDG、EW, which are friendly to environment and contain no or rarely organic solvents, have been regarded as a direction of pesticide development worldwidely. Alternanthera philoxeroides was used as a control target in this paper to screen the optium mixing ration of fluroxypyr and dicamba. Effects of fluroxypyr and dicamba mixtures and WDG formulations processing technology were also studied in this paper. The application technology of this formulation were determined by its safety and activity bioassay in green house and fields. The results are as follows:The mixture of fluroxypyr and dicamba exhibited significant synergistic action on A. philoxeroides, which were observed at the mixture ratio of 15.62:12.28= 8:7 (fluroxypyr: dicamba) by the equivalent curve. And according to this results, the optimal formulation were determined as 75% of fluroxypyr·dicamba and 25% of other auxiliary components。A optimized formula were obtained by experiments which agreed with the standard formula of WDG. The formula is listed as follows:active ingredient:75%; wetting agent: 10%, dispersing agent:3%, disintegrants:2%; stinck:1%; and the rest are filler complement. The fluroxypyr·dicamba WDG are white or light brown cylindrical particles, of which the particle size are about 1.0 mm, the effective content of TC are 75±1%, pH value ranged from 6 to 8, water content≤1%, suspension rate≥90%, the wetting time≤60s, disintegration time≤3min.75% fluroxypyr’dicamba WDG could significantly inhibit the fresh weight of A. philoxeroides at the recommending dosage of 15g/667m2, compared with 20%Fluroxypyr EC (40g/667m2) and 48% Dicamba AS (20g/667m2). The controlling effect of 75% fluroxypyr·dicamba WDG(15g/667m2),20% Fluroxypyr EC (40g/667m2) and 48% dicamba AS (20g/667m2) on the re-growth of A. philoxeroides reached 81.06%,47.79% and-1.20%, respectively, in which significant difference were observed. It was deduced that the reason that cause low controlling effect on A. philoxeroides were that the cell construction change in stem nodes stimulated by the polarization of coronal roots on stems after herbicide application, based on which application dosage should be added to control A. philoxeroides.Field trials showed that:75% fluroxypyr·dicamba WDG could be safely used in wheat four-leaf stage,Also it would be safe to wheat it was used in wheat two-leaf and three-leaf stage at a dose less than 25g/667m2, while it would cause injur to wheat when the dosage were higher than the recommending dose.75% fluroxypyr·dicamba WDG would be safe to rice plants when it was used in rice two-leaf, three-leaf and four-leaf stages. In order to confirm the controlling effect of 75% fluroxypyr·dicamba WDG on A. philoxeroides in dryland, field trails were conducted in areas where A. philoxeroides occurred frequently. The results showed that:this formulation could effectly control the occurrence of A. philoxeroides with a long residual effect, and the controlling effect of 15 and 45 days after treating at a dosage of 30g/667m2 were 80.86% and 93.94%, respectively.更多还原