【作者】 吴懿；

【导师】 颜培实；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国城市轨道交通事业的迅猛发展,轨道交通的噪声污染日益成为影响城市环境的突出因素。动物在噪声刺激下产生应激,剖析其行为变化、心动周期和心率变异性对噪声的反应以及卵巢组织形态的变化,可作为评价应激状态及其是否已被动物适应、卵巢组织损伤情况的依据。第一部分研究利用46日龄的三黄鸡6只,经125分贝(dB)和98dB金属落体声音以每8min 0.2秒节律进行刺激,观察逃避行为及其习惯化。结果表明：在声音刺激之初(125dB),出现了跳跃、奔跑和抬头观望等惊恐行为,随着刺激次数的增加,惊恐行为的次数减少直至消失。三天后将刺激声音强度降低到98dB,发现比较强烈的逃避行为基本消失,抬头观望是最主要的行为。再隔三天后以98 dB声音刺激,得到的结果与之前98 dB刺激的结果相似。惊恐行为的变化可以反映对噪声刺激的反应及其习惯化适应趋势。第二部分利用心率变异性方法剖析了噪声对动物产生的作用,从心动周期和心率变异性的时域角度探讨噪声对三黄鸡的影响。供试鸡为12只2日龄的健康三黄鸡,发酵床垫料上散养至50日龄后随机分为3个组,分别给予地铁噪声、地震声音和粉碎机噪声进行刺激,强度95dB。结果表明：在播放噪声的过程中三黄鸡的心动周期缩短,自主神经系统调控受抑制,RMSSD减小。上述结果表明三黄鸡在受外界噪声刺激的过程中副交感神经兴奋性降低,自主神经系统受抑制或受损。心率变异性分析可作为判断动物是否处于噪声等应激刺激的指标。第三部分研究地铁噪声对伊莎褐蛋鸡卵巢组织形态的影响。选用健康100日龄和300日龄伊莎褐蛋鸡各20只,随机分为100日龄试验组、对照组,300日龄试验组、对照组,每组10只鸡,模拟动物园下地铁噪声对试验组进行刺激。蛋鸡卵巢经过组织学观察,所得结果如下：100日龄试验组和对照组相比,次级卵泡较少,闭锁卵泡增多,噪声刺激阻碍了卵巢的发育,影响次级卵泡的生成；300日龄试验组和对照组相比,次级卵泡较少,其他并无明显变化,说明此类噪声对成年蛋鸡影响较小。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of urban rail in China, the noise pollution of rail transport has become a increasing prominent factor which affects the urban environment. Noise would cause noise stress of animals, the present study analyzed the behavior changes, cardiac cycle and the heart rate variability response to noise as well as morphological changes in ovarian tissue, and the results can be used as the theoretical basis to evaluate stress situation and conduct whether it has been adapted to animals as well as the ovarian tissue injury.In the first part of the research,46-day-old Sanhuang-Chicken were used to stimulate with 125dB and 98dB sound of metal falling body in 8 minutes 0.2 seconds of each rhythm, the act and habituation of escape were observed. In the beginning of the sound Stimulation (125dB), there were some panic behaviors, such as jumping, running. The rise of wait-and-see appeared, with the number of stimulation increased, the number of panic behavior reduced and then disappeared. After three days sound stimulation, the intensity of sound stimulation reduced to 98dB, we found that relatively strong escape acts disappeared; the rise of wait-and-see is the most important act. Stimulated with 98 dB after another three days, the results were similar to the former result which stimulated with98 dB. The changing of panic behavior can reflect the response to noise exposure and the habituation adaptive tendency.In the second part of the research, the heart rate variability was used to analysis the effect of noise on animals. We also investigated the impact of noise on Sanhuang-Chicken from the cardiac cycle and heart rate variability in time-domain perspective. Twelve healthy 2-day-old experimental chicken, which were feeding on the bio-bed to 50-day-old in the fermentation bedding, were divided into three groups randomly and stimulated with subway noise, seismic noise and grinder voice which intensity was 95dB respectively. The results showed that:during the process of playing noise, the cardiac cycle of Sanhuang-Chicken was shortened, the autonomic nervous control system was inhibited and the RMSSD was decreased. The above results showed that in the process of stimulating with External noise, the parasympathetic excitatory of Sanhuang-Chicken reduced, the autonomic nervous system was inhibited or damaged. Heart rate variability can be used as an index to estimate whether animals were in noise stress or other kinds of stress.In the third part of research, we figured out that the influence of the noise from subway on ovarian morphology of ISA hens.20 healthy 100-day-old and 20 healthy 300-day-old ISA hens were selected. We divided them into 100-day-old test group and the control group, 300-day-old test group and control group randomly,10 chickens per group each. The test groups were stimulated with subway noise in the zoo.After histology observation of the ovarian of hens, the results were as follows:compared with control group, the chicken in100-day-old test group, had fewer secondary follicles and more follicular atresia. Noise stimulation hindered the development of ovarian as well as influenced of the generation of secondary follicles. Compared with control group, chicken in 300-day-old test group had fewer secondary follicles and other no significant changes, it can be concluded that such noise has less impact on adult hens.更多还原