傅斯年大学教育思想研究

【作者】 李萌；

【导师】 朱智斌；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 教育史， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 20世纪上半叶的中国教育史,是一部激流涌动、波澜壮阔、跌宕起伏的文化教育交流碰撞史。一时之间,各种教育流派不断涌现、争芳斗艳,各种教育思潮交相辉映、百家争鸣。西学渗透,东学嬗变,理念更迭,制度变迁。在这样一个嚷乱分离、时代裹挟、颠沛动荡、纷扰交错的环境下,依然有一批执着、坚定的教育家,凭靠“独立之精神、自由之思想”、为国为民、挽救危亡的卓然信念,在历史的狂流与灰烬的不止漩涡中,搏风击荡、浪遏飞舟。尽管长河东逝、浮华散尽,但总有一些不朽的伟岸身姿,透过点滴残存的只言片语或记忆相传,沉淀于中国现代教育史那厚重、历久的积层深处,而傅斯年无疑就是其中的一位佼佼者。本文以傅斯年的大学教育思想为核心,集中探讨了傅斯年对于台湾大学的成功经营改造所涉及的主要内容和宝贵经验以及对于中国高等教育现代化所做出的卓越贡献。首先,傅斯年的大学教育思想是建立在“大学自治、办学自主”的基础上的。他分别从教育经费独立、学校用人独立、教育行政部门仅起监督指导作用三个层面上对于大学自治经营办学做出了细致、针对性的要求,从而为实现真正的“学术独立、学院自由乃至大学自治”的教育理想而努力。其次,傅斯年奉行学术至上,以教育人才为首任的教育主张。这是傅斯年大学教育思想中的核心部分,也是本文研究的重点,一言蔽之,就是教学活动与学术研究相结合。这既是大学的基本原则,也是大学经典的教育理念。第三,“立诚”与“性品教育”。在傅斯年眼中,大学教育除了要发扬它的学术本位以及教育培养人才的功能外,陶冶学生的品质、培养学生高尚的道德情操也是应有的题中之义。而“立诚”是学生培养中的核心目标,因此,在学生的培养过程中,要不断注入“性品教育”的要素,以培养学生的“性品”为首要宗旨。第四,学生管理的“平淡无奇”。傅斯年秉承了老庄思想中贵“无”、守“柔”、行“不言之教”的观点,主张在遵循教育规律和学生发展规律的前提下,进行某些潜移默化的正确引导,激发学生在教学、生活管理中的积极性与主动性。傅斯年曾经用一句十分幽默的话对其“平淡无奇”的教育理念进行了概括：“有房子住,有书念,有好玩的东西玩。”第五、讲究公平,得天下英才而教育之。傅斯年强调：改阶级的教育为机会均等的教育,在具体的操作层面上讲究公平,避决人情,严肃招生考试制度。另外,他还严格秉承以法治校,以公平为鹄的理念,讲究在规章制度面前人人平等。最后,傅斯年大学教育思想的核心精神就是——敦品、励学、爱国、爱人,这也是傅斯年大学教育思想的灵魂和精髓所在。在这一精神的鼓舞下,傅斯年不仅从器物层面上全面整顿台湾大学,为台湾大学的健康、良性发展创造条件,另一方面也从思想层面入手,建立严谨、科学、完整的校训校规,以期达到他的治校愿景,即未来的台湾大学,应是一所以追求真理为目的,以人类尊严为人格,以扩充知识、利用天然、增厚民生为目标的现代化学府。总之,作为一名学贯中西的国学大师和中国现代史上著名的大学教育家,傅斯年的大学教育思想积淀浓厚、意义深远。他的大学教育思想自成体系,符合时代需要,体现出鲜明的时代特色。或许他的大学教育思想在很多方面没有首开风气之先,但却有继承开拓、发扬光大之功。纵观傅斯年的大学教育思想,可以得到这样的启示：杰出的校长是一所大学的灵魂,是引领大学破除困惑与桎梏,迈向明晰与发展的决定力量；“理念治校”是省思、重构大学经营之玉的他山之石；通识教育是培养兼收并蓄,通融识见的时代新人与开启大学智慧之路的灵丹妙药；对学生良好价值情操的陶冶以及实事求是、脚踏实地的作风构建是大学不断走向成熟和繁荣的必然选择。对傅斯年的大学教育思想进行研究和总结,也是重新审视20世纪前半叶中国文化教育事业发展、沿革、嬗变的一个有效层面,对于今天弘扬民族文化,找寻民族智慧,进行教育改革的实践活动也可谓意义昭著、价值明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese history of education in the early 20th century is a surging rapids, ups and downs of the cultural and educational exchange collisions. At that time, all kinds of education schools continue to emerge,match beauty with others, and enhance each others’ beauty, a hundred schools were born. Western penetration, East study the evolution, the idea of change, institutional change occurred. In such a troublous times,a unprecedented turbulence, there are still a group of dedicated, determined educators, by reason of "the spirit of independence, freedom of thought" for the nation and the people, scholars saved the peril of faith in the history of the mad flow and ash, whirlpool pump air striking swing, putting waves to flying boat. Despite the river runs east, vanity has been cleared, but there will always be immortal in physical posture, dripping through the remnants of few words or memory according to legend, precipitation in China’s modern history of education.That massive, long build-ups of the plot, and Fu Sinian is undoubtedly one of them.This paper with Fu Sinian’s thoughts on university education as its core focuses on the main content and valuable experiences of his successful management of National Taiwan University and his outstanding contributions to China’s Higher Education Modernization. First of all, Fu Sinian’s thoughts on university education were based on "university autonomy, school autonomy". He had made detailed and specific requirements for the operation of university autonomy from there aspects: independent spending on education, independent school employing, the supervisory role played by the educational and administrative departments. In this way, he wanted to achieve real "academic independence, college freedom and even university autonomy ". Second, Fu pursued academic supremacy and education. This is not only the core of his thoughts on university education, but also the important point of this paper. In a word, Fu Sinian advocated the combination of teaching and learning, which were the basic teaching principle as well as the philosophy of education. Third, Fu Sinian promoted the moral education. In Fu Sinian’s eyes, university should cultivate students’ noble moral character away from carrying forward its academic-based training. And "to be honest" is the core objective of moral education. Fourth, Fu Sinian suggested managing students in accordance with their natural tendancy. Fu Sinian carried on Zhuangzi’s Medium "non-interference", flexibility", "wordless teaching ",and advocated managing students by following the law of their physical and mental development as well as the law of education, stimulating students’ enthusiasm in teaching, life management. Fu Sinian once said jokily summing up his way of managing students: "Have a house to live, have a book to read, have funny things to play." Fifth, Fu Sinian demanded fairness in education, requiring strictness in enrolling and examination system. Last, the core of Fu Sinian’s thoughts on university education were:noble moral character, learning, love of country, love of people.Fu Sinian transformed National Taiwan University materially as well as spiritually. He expected National Taiwan University to be a university that pursues truth, respects people’s dignity, broadens its sphere of knowledge, and takes the very advantage of its own resources to serve people. These are the spirit and essence of Fu Sinian’s thoughts on university education.In short, as an expert in both Chinese and Western studies, Fu sinian is a Sinology master and a well-known university educator in the modern history of China. The significance of Fu’s education thoughts and his strong accumulation of university education is far-reaching. His self-university education, is in line with the needs of the times, reflects the distinct characteristics of the times. Perhaps his education thoughts of the university in many respects, is not the first trend, but it is a succession to open up and develop the forerunners. Throughout Fu’s thoughts of university education, can be such a revelation:An outstanding principal is the soul of a university, a leader to make the university get rid of confusion with the shackles, a decisive force to move forwards the clearness and development. The idea of School Governance is Jade Stones from other hills for the business of University Reconstruction. General education is a remedy to cultivate good mixtures of knowledge and intelligence in new era so as to open the road to the University.It is an inevitable, choice for students to cultivate good value sentiments, pragmatic spirits, earnest work styles to facilitate University maturity and prosperity.To conduct research and summary of Fu’s education thoughts of University is an effective level of reexamining the development of Chinese culture and education, history, the evolution of national culture eduction in the first half of the 20th century.Today,the meaning of expanding race culture,looking for national intelligence and the practice of educational reform activity is also valuable and significant.更多还原