【作者】 王爽；

【导师】 侯水生；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 先后进行两次动物试验、屠宰试验与生物化学分析试验,探讨生长前期北京鸭维生素E的需要量及维生素E对肉鸭抗氧化机能的影响,为生长前期北京鸭维生素E需要量的制定提供依据。试验一采用单因子完全随机试验设计。试验基础日粮由玉米-玉米淀粉-豆粕组成,其维生素E含量为7 IU/kg。试验分为7个组,维生素E含量分别为8、13、18、28、48、108、408 IU/kg。将392只1日龄健康雄性北京鸭随机分为7个处理组,每处理组8个重复,每重复7只。每处理组随机饲喂1种试验日粮,饲养期为21d。动物饲养试验结束后进行屠宰试验和组织生物化学分析。结果表明,日粮中添加适宜水平的维生素E可显著提高1～14和1～21日龄北京鸭的平均日增重和日采食量(P < 0.05)。以日增重为评价指标,1～21日龄北京鸭维生素E需要量至少为13 IU/kg。血浆和肝脏中α-生育酚含量随饲粮中维生素E添加量的增加而上升,血浆和肝脏中α-生育酚水平之间存在显著正相关(R2=0.9995)。血浆和肝脏中SOD和GSH-Px活性在不同处理间无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。肝脏中MDA含量(y)随日粮中维生素E含量(x)的提高显著降低(P < 0.05),8、13、18、28、48、108、4087 IU/kg维生素E处理组间差异不显著(P > 0.05),但随维生素E添加量的提高而出现降低的趋势。日粮中维生素E含量(x)与肝脏中MDA含量(y)满足如下回归方程:y= -0.0029x+2.092,R=0.7133。此结果表明,饲粮中添加适宜水平的维生素E对北京鸭肝脏的抗氧化机能有改善作用。试验二采用半纯合日粮,基础日粮中维生素E含量降低至1 IU/kg,进一步验证通过试验一取得的研究结果。采用单因子完全随机试验设计,玉米淀粉-乳清粉型半纯合日粮,四个维生素E水平,分别为1、11、21、101 IU/kg。将192只1日龄健康雄性北京鸭随机分为4个处理组,每处理组6个重复,每重复8只。饲养期为21d。结果表明,半纯合日粮中添加适宜水平的维生素E可不同程度地提高1～14和1～21日龄北京鸭的平均日增重和日采食量。以日增重为评价指标,1～21日龄北京鸭维生素E需要量至少为11 IU/kg。血浆和肝脏中α-生育酚含量与日粮中维生素E添加水平的变化规律,及肝脏中MDA含量与肝脏中α-生育酚含量的变化趋势均与试验一研究结果一致。综上所述,日粮中添加适宜水平的维生素E可提高生长前期北京鸭的生长性能,1～21日龄北京鸭维生素E需要量至少为13 IU/kg,适宜水平的维生素E对北京鸭肝脏的抗氧化机能有改善作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Two trials were conducted in our study. The experiments were conducted to study the effects of vitamin E on growth performance, antioxidant index of plasma and liver, and vitamin E requirement of peking ducklings. Our objective was to provide the basis for formulation of vitamin E requirement of peking ducklings.Experiment I was designed by single factor completely randomized. 7 dietary vitamin E levers (8, 13, 18, 28, 48, 108, 408 IU/kg) was conducted with Peking ducklings to estimate the vitamin E requirement of growing ducklings from 1 to 21 d of age and the effect of vitamin E on antioxidant function. A total of three hundred ninety-two 1-d-old birds were allocated to 7 dietary treatments, each consisting of 8 replicates of 7 birds. The results showed that dietary vitamin E supplementation improved peking ducklings’growth performance and the vitamin E requirement of daily weight gain was no less than 13 IU/kg during a 21-d growth period. A linear increase was observed in plasma and hepaticα-tocopherol concentration with increasing content of vitamin E in the diet, and there was a high positive relationship between plasmaα-tocopherol and hepaticα-tocopherol concentration (R2=0.9995). Serum and hepatic SOD and GSH-Px was not affected among the different treatments. A negative relationship was observed between plasma MDA concentration and plasmaα-tocopherol levels, and a positive relationship was evidenced between hepatic MDA concentration and hepaticα-tocopherol levels. Compared with the control group, dietary vitamin E (8, 13, 18, 28, 48, 108, 408 IU/kg) significantly decreasd the amount of MDA generated in the liver of 21-d-old peking ducklings. This response provided a significant fit to a linear equation {Y(hepatic MDA)= 2.092-0.0029X(dietary vitamin E), R=0.7133}. The result showed that optimal supplementation of vitamin E in diets could improve hepatic antioxidant fuction of peking ducklings.In Experiment II, 192 male white peking ducklings with 1-d-old were allotted into four treatments, each included 6 replicates and one replicate with 8 ducks. Four levels of dietary vitamin E in Experiment II were 1, 11, 21, 101 IU/kg respectively. The trial period was 21 days. The results showed that vitamin E could improve peking ducklings’performance during a 21-d growth period and the vitamin E requirement of daily weight gain was no less than 11 IU/kg. The relationships of plasma and hepaticα-tocopherol concentration and content of vitamin E in the diet, and hepatic MDA concentration and hepaticα-tocopherol levels were consistent with Experiment I.In conclusion, appropriate supplementation of vitamin E in diets could improve growth performance and hepatic antioxidant fuction of peking ducklings, and the vitamin E requirement of daily weight gain was no less than 13 IU/kg during early growth period.更多还原