【作者】 刘欣；

【导师】 冯流；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 环境科学与工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 砷在自然界中的平均含量为1.8mg.kg-1。饮用水中砷含量过高会引起慢性砷中毒。在中国，很多地区存在局部地下水含砷量过高的问题，导致地方性砷中毒。有些地区高达0.5mg.L-1，超过国家标准10倍。因此，在我国，高砷地下水处理已经是刻不容缓的问题。高岭土和菱铁矿均为常用吸附材料，具有吸附性能强，廉价易得等特点，且它们对高砷水的处理能力在前人的文献中略有涉及，但其实际应用于高砷水的处理还需进一步研究。本文主要以高岭土和菱铁矿为主要材料，研究一种可以应用于实际高砷水处理的吸附材料，主要工作如下：1、确定吸附材料制作工艺条件。采用用KOH活化后的高岭土和菱铁矿为主要原材料，磷酸酸化过的花生壳为造孔剂，采用高温活化的方法，通过正交静态吸附试验，研究其在常温常压下对水中砷的吸附去除效果。结果表明，在高岭土、菱铁矿、花生壳用量之比为2：2:1，KOH浓度为0.3mol.L-1，浸泡时间为6小时，活化温度为900℃时，制备得到的粉末状材料具有最好的除砷效果，可达到95％。2、测定材料的基本性能。用静态试验和BET (Brunauer、Emmett和Teller)氮气吸附法测定材料吸附条件、吸附容量、比表面积和孔隙率。结果表明此材料吸附除砷符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。3、设计除砷装置并测定其除砷效果。制作五支直径40mm，长450mm的有机玻璃柱并将其串联，进行动态连续吸附试验，结果表明此材料可以连续有效除砷20小时左右，除砷效果平均可达到84%。更多还原

【Abstract】 The average content of arsenic in the nature is 1.8mg·kg-1. It will bring the arsenical chronic poisoning if that the content of arsenic in the drinking water is too high. In China, many areas have the problems of the parcel groundwater contain too much arsenic, and it leads parcel arsenical chronic poisoning. Some areas reach 0.5mg.L-1, exceed the National standards 10 times. So, in our country, disposal the "high arsenical content" groundwater is a question no time to delay.Kaolin and siderite are commonly used adsorbents. They have the characters of strong adsorption, cheap, easy to get, et cetera. Other literatures have a little treat of their abilities to dispose "high arsenical content" water. But their practical applications have to be further studied. In this study, kaolin and siderite are main materials to research an absorption material which can practical apply to "high arsenical content" water disposal. Main tasks are as follows:(1) Determine process conditions of adsorbents. Use the kaolin and siderite which were activated with KOH as the main raw materials and the peanut shell with Phosphoric acid acidification as the pore-forming material, and use the high-temperature activation method, The effect of arsenate removal under normal temperature and pressure by the synthetic material were studied in orthogonal captive adsorption tests. The results show that when weight ratio of the kaolin, siderite and peanut shell is 2:2:1, the concentration of KOH is 0.3 mol·L-1, the soaking time is 6h, the activation temperature is 900℃, the effect of arsenate removal is the best, can reach 95%.(2) Mensurate the basic performances of the material. Use the ways of captive tests and BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) nitrogen adsorption to mensurate the adsorption conditions, adsorption capacity, surface area and the porosity. The results show that the adsorption behavior is fitted with Langmuir isotherm.(3) Design a arsenic-removal set and mensurate its arsenic-removal effects. Prepare 5 perspex columns which with the diameter 40mm and length 450mm, in series them, and take the adsorption materials into them with water under inflow, do dynamic adsorption tests. The results show that when dynamic adsorbing, the material can persist effectual remove the arsenic for about 20h, the effect of arsenate removal can reach 84%.更多还原