【作者】 赵玲；

【导师】 全书海；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 控制科学与工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 多孔材料是一种性能优异的新型工程材料,其微观结构是影响宏观物性和使用效果的关键因素之一。多孔材料微观结构的定量表征及其对物性的影响一直是材料科学与工程领域的焦点和难点。大多数商业软件和仪器设备都没有涉及该领域,不具备物性测量的功能。本文采用图像测量技术分析并测量多孔材料的微观特征量。主要研究内容如下：首先分析了目前多孔材料微观结构测量方法的优缺点,提出了基于图像算法测量多孔材料微观结构参数,采用分形表征多孔材料微观特征,建立物性与微观特征之间的关联,以实现物性测量。目前测量多孔材料微观结构参数主要采用实验方法,存在周期长、成本高、易受环境影响的缺点,本文基于多孔材料的扫描电镜图片,分析比较了迭代法和递归法标记孔洞的缺点,利用回溯孔洞标记法测量出多孔材料的孔面积、孔周长、孔隙率等微观结构参数。多孔材料复杂的微观结构难以用欧氏几何准确表征,而分形理论在描述各种无序或随机结构上颇具优势。本文对比分析了5种分形维数测定方法,选择盒维法作为多孔材料分形维数的测定方法,并用该方法测量图像的孔隙面积分形维数。在分析国内外研究进展的基础上,推导了多孔材料渗透率与微观结构参数和分形维数之间的函数关系式,结合多孔材料的微观结构参数和孔隙面积分形维数、曲线分形维数可以预测多孔材料的渗透率,理论值和实验数据吻合较好。本文基于分形技术来表征多孔材料的微观特征,结合图像算法测量得到其微观结构参数,实现了多孔材料的物性测量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Porous media is a new engineering material with high performance. Its microstructure is one of the key factors which affect macro material property and performance. The description of microstructure of porous media and its connection with material property have always been the focus and difficulty in the field of materials science and engineering. However, Most commercial software and equipments don’t have material parameters measurement function. The studies as follow:Firstly, the current measurement methods of microstructure have been analyzed and compared. Then the author of this paper uses image algorithms to measure micro-structure parameters, and applies fractal to describe micro-features of porous media, and establish the connection between material property and micro features.The author of this paper analyzes and compares iterative method, recursive method, and presents a new backtracking algorithm to mark the pore regions based on the scanning electron microscope. Then microstructure parameters such as area of pore, the perimeter of pore and porosity are measured.Five kinds of methods are adopted to compute fractal dimension. The measuring data are processed and analyzed so as to choose a suitable method. Box-counting method is chosen in the fractal dimension computation of porous media, and then the pore area fractal dimensions are determined by this method.Fractal model of permeability is presented based on the world progress. The permeability parameter of porous media can be predicted by using the microstructure parameters, pore area fractal dimension and tortuosity fractal dimension. The computed result agrees well with the experimental data.In this paper, fractal theory and image processing are combined to realize measurement of porous media.更多还原