【作者】 蔡灿；

【导师】 钱作勤；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 轮机工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 换热器是一种被广泛应用于化工、石油化工、动力、医药、冶金、制冷及轻工业等行业的通用设备。管壳式换热器制造容易,生产成本低,选材范围广,清洗方便,使用性强,处理量大,工作可靠,且能够适应高温高压,迄今为止任被当作一种传统的标准设备而在许多工业部门中大量应用。本文主要从以下几个方面分析了KLQ型换热器管板。首先,根据换热器管板的理论,简化了其螺栓受力的数学模型,只考虑螺栓对螺栓孔的均布力与垫片的比压力。根据换热器的图纸,利用ANSYS的APDL语言建立了管板1／4模型,并分网、加载、最终求解,将其保存为宏文件,并且该宏文件中管板的结构参数都设置成变量。然后,利用VB编写管板结构参数和流体参数的输入界面,可在其中修改宏文件中管板的参数。利用ANSYS的按钮方法调用宏文件,实现管板七种工况的自动分析。通过管板七种工况的应力分析,得到了换热器管板的危险工况和危险路径。在较危险工况下,先改变管板的厚度而其它参数不变,得到厚度对管板强度的影响；然后研究了管板与管子胀接缝厚度对管板强度的影响。根据之前的分析,得到了管板强度分析中的危险工况、危险路径以及对管板强度影响较大的因素。然后利用ANSYS的最优化模块对管板结构进行了最优化分析,并且对优化结果进行了安全评定,该结果对生产具有指导意义。最后利用FLUENT软件,截取换热器中的一部分结构,对去掉翅片和保留翅片的情况进行了三维流体分析,并且分析了翅片对换热器换热效果的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heat exchanger is widely used in chemical, petrochemical, power, pharmaceutical, metallurgy, refrigeration and universal equipment of light industries. Tubular heat exchanger are easy to create, have low production cost and large select range, are easy to clean, have strong practicability. It is reliable, can adapt to the high temperature and high pressure. So far as it is considered as traditional standard equipment used in many industrial sector. This paper analyzed the KLQ type heat exchanger tube sheet from the following aspects.At first, according to the heat exchanger tube plate theory, simplifies mathematical model of the bolt stress, considering only bolt to bolt hole of uniformly pressure and gasket pressure. According to the drawing, using ANSYS APDL language to establish the tube sheet 1/4 model, and finally mesh, loading, solution, save it as batch files. The tube plate structure parameters in batch files are set to variable.Then, write the parameters input interface of the tube plate structure and fluid parameters using VB, the parameters in batch files can be modified in it. Using the ANSYS button call the batch files, realize the automatic analyses of the seven conditions.Through stress analysis of the tube sheet seven conditions, we get the dangerous condition and dangerous path in it. In a more dangerous working condition, we change the thickness of the tube sheet and other parameters are fixed and get the strength influence by the thickness, and then study the intensity influence of the tube sheet and joint thickness.According to the analysis before, get the risk working condition, risk path, big influence factors. Then do the tube sheet structure optimization analysis using the ANSYS optimization module, and safety evaluation the optimization result, the result has guiding significance for production.Finally, using the FLUENT software, intercept part of the heat exchanger, does the three-dimensional flow analysis in the condition of remove the cooling fin and retain the cooling fin, and analysis the heat transfer effect of the cooling fin.更多还原