【作者】 马秋生；

【导师】 李永升；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 刑法学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 现实是理论的催化剂,理论是为实践服务的。刑法思想的发展史清晰地表明,新的社会需求决定了新的刑法思想的产生。人类的刑法思想大致可以划分为封建任意刑法刑法思想、客观主义刑法思想、主观主义刑法思想三种类型。每种刑法思想都产生于特定的环境,满足特定的实践需求。然而,随着社会的发展,人类理性的进步,人权观念的普及,犯罪问题的日趋严重,客观主义与主观主义都遭遇了现实的困境。刑法的扩张、监狱人满为患、犯罪率不断上升、再犯率居高不下、青少年犯罪问题突出等困扰着现行的刑法理论。这一现实在呼唤新的刑法思想。这一现实让学者们不得不重新认识刑法和刑罚,并尝试用新的思路去解决现实之困。而真正能够针对现实问题并能有效解决现实问题的理论就是兼收客观主义与主观主义两者精华的人格刑法理论。阐述人格刑法理论及其优点是作者选择其作为硕士论文的用意所在。对人类刑事司法实践影响最大的是客观主义与主观主义。客观主义刑法是刑事古典学派所主张的观点,因其是以行为为核心,所以也可称为行为主义。客观主义的思想可以归结为主张罪刑法定、严格的犯罪构成理论、刑罚报应主义,犯罪与刑罚都是围绕行为而展开。主观主义是实证学派所主张的观点。主观主义从客观主义仅仅将犯罪规定为法律上的抽象行为解脱出来,认为仅仅将犯罪简化为抽象的行为不科学的,更是不合理的,因而将注意力转向实施犯罪行为的行为人,关注人的因素在犯罪行为中的作用。其思想可以归纳为以下几点,社会责任论、相对罪刑法定、社会防卫论、人身危险性。但是两者都有显著的不足,并且在指导实践的过程中逐渐显露出来。文中重点阐述了客观主义与主观主义,分析各自的优劣之处。在前述工作的基础之上再引出人格刑法理论的主张,并进一步通过对比分析得出人格刑法理论才是解决现实之困的必然途径,也是最佳途径。文中不仅支持大塚仁提出的人格行为论、人格责任论,更是将人格刑法理论推进至定罪阶段,成为认定犯罪与否的重要因素之一。文章涉及到定罪机制、犯罪的本质、刑罚的本质、刑法谦抑性等众多刑法重大基本问题。作者从阐述人格定义出发,阐明人格这一要素对于人的行为的重要影响,进而开始关于人格刑法以及人格刑法与定罪机制问题相互关系的论证分析。文章的结构分为以下几个部分:第一大部分“人格刑法的概述”,首先介绍心理学上人格的内涵及其特征。通过人格内涵的界定及特征的描述,使人格更为直观,更容易把握。在人格刑法萌芽与发展的介绍中,介绍了人格刑法萌芽的现实条件以及团藤重光和大塚仁的人格刑法理论的思想,并指出上述两位学者人格刑法理论的不彻底性,赞同张文教授等提出的将人格刑法理论推进到定罪的实质阶段,使之成为真正人格刑法。第二大部分“我国定罪机制的简述及其遭遇的现实之困”,介绍了定罪机制在刑法中的重要意义。分析了我国犯罪构成四要件及其指导下的我国犯罪现状。第三大部分“我国定罪机制中引入犯罪危险性人格的必要性和合理性”是文章的核心,主要从人格刑法是新旧两派刑法观的科学整合、是相对报应主义的必然要求以及符合刑法谦抑性的趋势三个方面论证,我国有必要在定罪机制中引入犯罪危险性人格。第四部分“二元定罪机制的运行构想”。重点介绍了引入人格要素以后我国犯罪构成要件各要素之间的地位和关系。介绍了行为与人格二元定罪机制的运行方式以及犯罪危险性人格的现实评测问题,以期使其更具有实践操作性。本文广泛涉及犯罪学、刑法学、心理学各领域的不同问题,采取了分析对比、逻辑推理和案例分析等研究方法,对于犯罪、刑罚、人格、定罪等基本问题进行了分析,从而得出我国应该在现行定罪模式的基础上引进人格要素建立人格与行为的二元定罪模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 The reality is catalyst of theory,theory is for the practice of service.The criminal law of human thought can be broadly divided into the feudal criminal thought, criminal thinking of objectivism, subjectivism, three types of criminal thinking. Each criminal thinking has produced a particular environment, to meet specific practice needs. However, with the development of society, the progress of human reason, the concept of universal human rights, the growing crime problem, objectivism and subjectivism have suffered a real dilemma. The expansion of criminal law, prison overcrowding, rising crime rates, high rates of recidivism, juvenile delinquency and other prominent problem plaguing the current criminal law theory. This reality in the call for a new penal ideology. This reality so that the scholars had to re-understanding of criminal law and penalties, and try to use new ideas to solve real-world get help. Can truly address the real problems and can effectively solve the practical problems of the theory is integrated between objectivism and subjectivism, the essence of personality theory of criminal law. Personality theory of criminal law and its advantages described the author as a master thesis to choose their intention.The human impact of criminal justice practice, the largest is objectivism and subjectivism. Objectivism criminal law is a criminal point of view advocated by the classical school as it is to act as the core, so it could be a behaviorist. Objective and ideology can be summarized as advocating the legality, constitute a theory of strict criminal penalty retributivism, crime and punishment are related to actions initiated. Subjectivism is the view advocated by positivist school. Subjectivism objectivism merely from the crime defined as an abstract legal act freed that merely reduced to an abstract act of crime unscientific, but it is unreasonable and, therefore, turn our attention to the implementation of the perpetrators of criminal acts, concerns the human factor in criminal acts in the role. Their ideas can be summarized as follows social responsibility theory, the relative legality, social defense theory of Dangerousness. However, both significantly less than, and in guiding the course of practice, gradually revealed. This paper focuses on the objectivism and subjectivism, analyze their respective advantages and disadvantages. In the aforementioned work on the basis of personality and then leads to the idea of criminal law theory, and further obtained through comparative analysis of personality theory of criminal law is necessary to solve practical ways to get help is the best way. This paper not only support the proposed character Otsuka Ren behavior theory, personality theory of liability, but also to promote the personality theory of criminal law to the conviction phase, a guilty or not an important factor. Articles related to a conviction mechanism, the nature of crime, the nature of punishment, criminal law, criminal law, and many other great Modesty of basic questions.From the elaborate personality by definition, to clarify this element of personality for the important influence of human behavior, thus starting on personality and character of criminal law and criminal law conviction mechanism analysis of the relationship between the argument. The structure of the article is divided into the following sections:First part,the "personality overview of criminal law", first introduced the psychological connotations and characteristics of personality. Through the definition of content and characteristics of personality description, so that personality is more intuitive and easier to grasp. Germination and development of criminal law in terms of personality presentation introduced the reality of burgeoning criminal personality Dando re-light conditions and Otsuka jen’s personality theory of criminal law the idea and pointed out that these two personality theory of criminal law scholars did not thoroughly endorsed Professor Zhang Wen and so on will be personality convicted of criminal law theory advanced to a substantive stage, making it a real personality of the Criminal Code.Second most of the "brief description of the mechanism of China’s conviction and faced the reality of the storm" to introduce the mechanism of conviction in criminal law in importance. Analyzed the composition of China’s four elements of crime and crime in our country under the guidance of the status quotation.The third most of the quot;mechanism for the introduction of China; criminal conviction of personality dangerous necessity and rationality quotation is the core of the article, mainly from the personality of the Criminal Code is a criminal factions of the scientific concept of integration is a necessary requirement for a relatively retribution doctrine and in compliance with the Penal Code Modesty trends in three areas of feasibility studies, China has the necessary mechanisms for the introduction of criminal conviction and dangerous personality. The fourth part quot;of the operation mechanism of the dual concept of a conviction quotation; Highlighted the introduction of elements of personality after the Elements of Crimes in China position among the various elements and relationships. Describes the behavior and personality of the dual mechanism of operation mode, as well as a conviction of crime the reality of dangerous personality evaluation with a view to make it more workable in practice. This article dealt with extensively in criminology, criminal law, psychology, different issues in various fields has taken analysis and comparison, logical reasoning and case analysis, research methods, for the crime, punishment, character, conviction and other basic problems were analyzed, so as to arrive in China model should be convicted on the basis of the existing character elements of the establishment of the introduction of the dual personality and behavior patterns conviction.更多还原