【作者】 郭丛溪；

【导师】 丁丽柏；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 国际法学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着全球气候变暖的加剧,曾经冰封的北极逐渐展露出它潜在的价值。北极的资源、航道以及军事地位都成了各国注目的焦点,环北极各国纷纷依据《联合国海洋法公约》中对海洋权利的概括性规定开始了北极海域的“圈地运动”。而北极地区地理环境的特殊性和《联合国海洋法公约》对北极地区的不特定适用性,使得北极地区权利归属并不明确,因此,近年来北极之争也随着北极气候的变暖而逐渐升温。本文在查阅大量相关书籍和论文资料的基础上,运用国际法专业理论结合国际关系和国际政治的相关知识,主要采用历史研究法和比较研究法从不同角度对问题进行了分析。希望通过对现有相关法律制度的分析,根据北极争端的特点,为北极争端的解决找到最可行最有效的途径,同时也关注到我国的北极利益,在北极可能的和平开发道路上表明我国的立场。本文除引言和结语外,共分为四个部分,约三万字。第一部分在明确北极地区地理概念的基础上,结合现行国际法律制度和北极地区的历史事实,将北极地区定位为一个多层次法律概念混合体,然后从人类探索北极的历史开始,围绕北极之争法律问题的历史与现状,详细介绍了北极之争的起源及发展。第二部分选取以俄罗斯、加拿大、美国为代表的环北极国家以及以英国为代表的其他国家作为北极之争的主要争端方,分别介绍了其权利主张和近年来的行动。第三部分从北极地区争议集中的200海里外大陆架主权权利、北方航道和西北航道两条北极航道、北极地区丰富的资源和北极地区重要的军事战略地位四个方面阐述了北极之争的主要内容。第四部分在通过法律方法解决北极之争问题上,首先对现行的适用于北极地区的国际法——《联合国海洋法公约》和《斯瓦尔巴德条约》的具体情况进行分析;然后试着参照上述两项国际条约以及适用于地球另一极的《南极条约》,分析了根据《联合国海洋法公约》明确北极地区法律地位、参照《南极条约》订立适用于北极地区的《北极条约》以及参照《斯瓦尔巴德条约》解决北极局部争端这三种可行的解决方法,提出针对北极地区复杂的法律地位在北极地区分区将三种方法结合适用的主张;最后根据中国在北极的相关利益,结合我国的国际地位分析了我国在北极之争问题上的立场,以及我国一贯主张的国际合作和平开发利用北极的策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the intensification of global warming, and the ice revealing the Arctic has gradually shown its potential value. Arctic resources, routes, and military status have become the focus of world attention, based on United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea, circumpolar countries began the "enclosure movement" in Arctic region. But with the particularity of the Arctic Geography and the no specific applicability of United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea in the Arctic region, making the right vested in the Arctic region is not clear, therefore, in recent years, the dispute of the Arctic has become increasingly fierce.On the basis of a large number of books and papers, this paper using the theory in international law, and knowledges of international relations and international politics, using historical research methods and comparative research methods study the Arctic dipute from different angles. With the hope to find the most viable and effective solution to the Arctic dispute, while also concerned about interests in the Arctic of our country, and indicates China’s position of peaceful development in the Arctic region.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts, about 30000 words.Part one, on the basis of a clear geographical concept of the Arctic region, combined with the existing international legal system and the fact of the Arctic region’s history, defines the Arctic region as a mixture of multi-layered legal concept. And then begin with the history of human exploration in the Arctic, analyses the history and current situation of the legal issues in dispute over the Arctic, details the origins and development of the Arctic dispute.Part two, selected Russia, Canada, the United States as the representative of the circumpolar countries as well as the United Kingdom representatives of other countries as major parties to the Arctic dispute, presents their claims and actions in recent years.Part three, expatiates four main aspects of the Arctic dispute: the sovereign rights of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured, two Arctic channels, the North Passage and Northwest Passage, the Arctic region’s resources and the Arctic region’s important military-strategic position.Part four, on legal solution to the Arctic dispute, first analyses United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea and Svalbard Treaty as the existing international law which applicable to Arctic region. And then try to consult these two international treaties, and Antarctic Treaty which applicable to the other pole of the Earth, analyses three possible solutions: clear the legal status of the Arctic region pursuanted at United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea, consulting Antarctic Treaty sign Arctic Treaty, as well as the reference to Svalbard Treaty to resolve disputes in specific area. Proposed the way combining these three methods for the Arctic region’s complex legal status. Finally, according to China’s relevant interests in the Arctic region, combined with China’s international status analyses China’s position on this issue, as well as international cooperation in the strategy of peaceful development and utilization in Arctic region which China has always advocated.更多还原