【作者】 李君；

【导师】 刘立新；

【作者基本信息】 东北石油大学 ， 化学工艺， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在国内外有关制备烷基二苯醚以及再经磺化中和等反应生成烷基二苯醚二磺酸盐相关研究基础上,对以α-十六烯烃与二苯醚发生烷基化反应生成十六烷基二苯醚,再经磺化中和等反应生成十六烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠的反应工艺条件进行了比较全面的研究。同时,对反应机理和控制产物收率方法进行了分析和优化,对目的产物单16-烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠的结构进行了分析确认,并研究了单16-烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠用于大庆油田三元复合驱表面活性剂的可能性。本文的研究工作对加快烷基二苯醚磺酸盐类表面活性剂的工业化工程实践和丰富三次采油表面活性剂种类,具有一定推动作用和实际应用意义。文献综述系统地阐述了近年来国内外对烷基二苯醚二磺酸盐的研究工作,对其应用领域和性能特点做了比较全面的说明。到目前为止,国内虽然有很多对该系列产品的研究报道,但是并无工业化的十六烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠系列产品在市场上供应。烷基二苯醚二磺酸盐作为结构和性能独特应用广泛的双亲水基多功能表面活性剂,国际上对烷基二苯醚二磺酸盐的研究极为重视并已有一定的报道,所以本文开展烷基二苯醚二磺酸盐的合成研究,对促进技术进步和相关产业的发展,具有重要的意义。十六烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠传统工艺是采用十六醇与二苯醚反应生成十六烷基二苯醚,为避免专利限制,我们采用C16的α-烯烃与二苯醚发生烷基化反应生成十六烷基二苯醚,再经磺化生成十六烷基二苯醚二磺酸,最后经中和生成十六烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠。以单因素法分别考察了16烯烃与二苯醚烷基化反应温度、时间、原料配比和催化剂用量的影响,确定了最佳反应工艺条件;用不同磺化剂进行十六烷基二苯醚的磺化反应,以发烟硫酸(50%)效果最佳。在十六烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠性能研究方面,主要对十六烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠的表面和界面张力性能进行分析测试和复配测试研究,结果表明随着氯化钠加入后γcmc显著降低,这主要是无机盐的加入部分破坏了水化膜,压缩了离子型表面活性剂的离子基团周围的扩散双电层,可屏蔽带电极性离子基团之间的静电斥力,使得表面层及胶团中表面活性剂分子排列更为紧密,胶团容易形成。二苯醚与十六烯发生的烷基化反应属于Friedel-Crafts反应,单因素实验结果表明:比较适合的反应工艺条件为α-十六烯烃与二苯醚摩尔比1.0:1.6;α-十六烯烃与AlCl3摩尔比为1.0:0.2;反应温度在90℃左右反应较为适合;反应时间6h较为合适;在以上条件下产物收率可以超过60%。磺化反应是一种向有机分子中引入磺酸基(—SO2H)的反应过程。本文选择发烟硫酸(50%)作为磺化剂所得的活性物含量最高,选择单烷基二苯醚与发烟硫酸摩尔比为1.0:1.6较为合适,产品活性物含量达到58.4%。利用红外,核磁等分析测试手段表征研究结果,表明与分子设计相符合。本文所合成的不同批次的产物都具有较好的界面性能特性。三元体系配方中高碱浓度情况要好于低碱浓度,说明十六烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠更适用于强碱复合驱油过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, prepared at home and abroad, and then by the sulfonation of alkyl diphenyl ether and the other in the reaction of alkyl diphenyl ether sulfonates basis, withα-16 olefin and ether alkylation Reaction of hexadecyl diphenyl ether, and so on via the reaction of sulfonation of alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate 16 the reaction conditions were more comprehensive study. Meanwhile, the yield reaction mechanism and control methods are analyzed and optimized, the product of single-purpose 16 - alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate were analyzed to confirm the structure and to study a single 16 - alkyl ether carmine for ASP flooding in Daqing oil field the possibility of surfactant. This research work to accelerate the alkyl diphenyl ether sulfonate surfactant rich industrial engineering practice and tertiary oil recovery surfactants, has a role in promoting and practical significance.Systematic literature review described both here and abroad alkyl diphenyl ether sulfonates research work and the performance of its applications do a more comprehensive explanation. Up to now, although there are many reports in this series of studies, but not the 16 industrialized sodium alkyl diphenyl ether products in the market supply. Alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate as a unique structure and properties of widely used water-based multi-parent surfactant, alkyl diphenyl ether on the international research sulfonate attached great importance to and have some news, we This paper carried out the synthesis of alkyl diphenyl ether sulfonates research on the promotion of technological progress and the development of related industries, is of great significance.16 alkyl diphenyl ether sulfonate with 16 traditional process is the reaction of alcohols with hexadecyl diphenyl ether, in order to avoid patent restrictions, we use C16,α-olefins with the occurrence of alkyl ether glycosylation reaction of hexadecyl diphenyl ether, and then by generating 16 alkyl diphenyl ether sulfonate acid, and finally by the middle and generate 16 alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate. Single-factor method were investigated 16 and diphenyl olefin alkylation reaction temperature, time, material ratio and the amount of catalyst, the optimum reaction conditions; sulfonation agents in 16 different alkyl diphenyl ether sulfonation reaction to fuming sulfuric acid (50%) the best.Sodium alkyl diphenyl ether in 16 properties, the main of the 16 alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate surface and interfacial tension analysis of the performance tests and compound tests, the results show that as the chloride sodium decreased significantly after accessionγcmc, mainly of salts partial destruction of the hydration membrane, reduced the ionic surfactant ionic groups spread around the double layer can be electrically charged shield between polar ionic groups electrostatic repulsion, making the surface layer and the micelle surfactant molecule is more tightly arranged, easy to form micelles.Occur with 16 ene ether alkylation Friedel-Crafts reaction is, experimental results show that the single factor: the more appropriate reaction conditions areα-16 alkene and ether molar ratio 1.0:1.6;α-10 6 olefin molar ratio of 1.0:0.2 with AlCl3; reaction temperature at 90℃, reaction is more appropriate; more appropriate reaction time 6h; in these conditions, the yield can exceed 60%. Sulfonation is an introduction to organic molecules sulfonic (-SO2H) of the reaction. This choice fuming sulfuric acid (50%) as sulfonating agent obtained the highest content of active matter, choose one alkyl ether and fuming sulfuric acid molar ratio of 1.0:1.6 more appropriate product to 58.4% active matter content. IR, NMR and other characterization results of testing means that consistent with the molecular design. This synthesis of the different batches of the product of the interface have good performance characteristics. Ternary system formula is better than the situation of high alkaline concentration of low alkali concentration, indicating sodium hexadecyl diphenyl ether compound is more suitable for alkali flooding process.更多还原