【作者】 聂明明；

【导师】 唐世伟；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 石油工程计算技术， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着工业化的发展,石油资源越来越少,勘探开发新的油田成为当务之急。地震勘探是钻探前勘测石油与天然气资源的重要手段,地震图像的清晰程度直接关系着地震解释的结果。因此,地震图像的增强成为一个重要的研究课题。地震图像增强处理中常用的均值滤波和中值滤波等方法有较强的抑制噪声的能力,但在一定程度上会导致地震图像模糊,影响地震解释的效果。直方图均衡化是目前地震图像增强的主要方法,但它存在着图像细节信息丢失和噪声放大的缺点。随着油气勘探开发对象复杂程度的增加,现有的地震图像增强方法已不能满足正确解释的要求。而基于模糊集的图像增强方法逐渐被应用到实际的图像处理中,并且显示出它优于传统图像增强算法的特点,因此,本文提出了基于模糊集的地震图像增强方法。本文首先对传统的Pal-King基于模糊集的图像增强算法进行了研究,并概述了近30年来Pal-King算法的发展和改进情况。本文在前人的基础上,针对Pal-King算法的缺点和不足,提出了两种改进算法,并且选用lena图像对改进算法的增强效果进行了仿真实验。实验结果表明,改进算法确实比Pal-King算法取得了更好的增强效果。其次,本文对BMP图像的数据格式和各种颜色模型进行了研究,将HSI和RGB两种颜色模型相结合,研究出了一种适合人眼视觉特征的地震图像颜色配置方案。最后,本文结合地震图像的特点,设计并开发出了基于模糊集的地震图像增强系统,将研究出的地震图像的颜色配置方案应用到地震属性图像中,并对改进后的基于模糊集的图像增强算法进行了仿真实验,将其应用到大庆油田ao9、shj、pu等多个区块中。实验结果表明,本文的改进算法确实比传统的地震图像增强方法取得了更好的增强效果。这为地震解释奠定了良好的基础,对探明地质储量具有十分重要的意义,有利于石油资源的勘探开发,进而为我国的工业化发展提供更多的能源支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of industrialization, oil resources are fewer and fewer and exploration new oil fields become a top priority. Seismic exploration is an important means of surveying oil and natural gas resources before drilling. The clarity of the seismic image is directly related to seismic interpretation results. Therefore, the seismic image enhancement has become an important research topic.Mean filtering and median filtering methods,which are commonly used in seismic image enhancement, have a stronger ability to suppress noise, but to some extent, it will blur the seismic image and affect the seismic interpretation results. Histogram equalization is the primary means of seismic image enhancement, but there are some shortcomings of image detail information loss and noise amplification existing in it. With the increasing complexity of the object of oil and gas exploration, the current seismic image enhancement algorithms cannot satisfy the need of right interpretation. The image enhancement based on fuzzy sets have been gradually applied to the actual image processing, and shown that it is superior to the traditional image enhancement algorithm. Consequently, this thesis first proposes the seismic image enhancement method based on fuzzy sets.Firstly, in this thesis, the traditional Pal-King image enhancement algorithm based on fuzzy sets has been studied, and the development and improvement situation of Pal-King algorithm in the past 30 years has been summarized. On the basis of our predecessors, two improved algorithms are proposed in this thesis to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the Pal-King algorithm, and Lena image is choose for simulation experiments. And the experiments results show that the enhancement effect of the improved algorithm indeed better than that of Pal-King algorithm. Secondly, data format of BMP image and a variety of color models have been studied in this paper, and on the basis of combination of HSI model and RGB model, a new color configuration, which is suitable for human visual features, has been worked out. Thirdly, in this thesis, combining the characteristics of seismic image, seismic image enhancement system based on fuzzy sets has been designed and developed and the new seismic image color configuration has been applied to the seismic attribute image and simulation experiments are carried out with the improved image enhancement algorithms based on fuzzy sets, which have been applied to ao9, shj, pu and other block in Daqing oil field. Experimental results show that the improved algorithms proposed in this thesis indeed acquire better enhancement effect than the traditional seismic image enhancement methods. It has laid a good foundation for seismic interpretation and has a great significance with ascertaining geological reserves, and is conducive to exploration and development of oil resources, and thus provides more and more energy support to accelerate the industrialization of our country.更多还原