【作者】 曲娜；

【导师】 吴国忠；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 热能工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 原油是一种宝贵的一次性资源,是发展现代工农业生产不可缺少的基础性物资。但由于原油中含有一定量易于挥发的轻组分,如果油气集输与处理工艺流程不密闭,轻组分就会挥发损耗掉,造成油气资源的浪费。为了解决这一问题,我国各油田已普遍采用了油气集输密闭流程,并建设了一大批原油稳定装置。这些装置的运行大幅度地降低了原油的挥发损耗。同时,每年可回收几十万吨的轻烃,取得了很好的经济效益和社会效益。随着油田采油过程的日益复杂化,原油脱水难度进一步增大,致使联合站来油含水率超标,稳定塔极易出现液泛现象,导致黑烃事故发生,严重影响了油田的轻烃收率和装置的安全平稳运行。在正常产烃的过程中,烃产品为无色较透明的易挥发的易燃易爆液体,杂质较少,而在一些因素的影响下,原油的泡沫或原油跑到了烃产品里,使烃产品的颜色变深即为黑烃。经过分析对比,本文采用了分级闪蒸技术,对原油稳定装置进行改造。以SRK状态方程为基础,建立了原油稳定装置主要单元过程的工艺计算模型及系统模型,并进行稳态流程模拟。分析了闪蒸压力对脱水后原油含水率、轻烃收率及装置能耗的影响状况,得出新增闪蒸塔的最佳操作参数。将分级闪蒸技术应用到原油稳定装置中,可以控制黑烃事故的产生,确保原油稳定塔的正常操作,对整个原油稳定装置的正常生产具有重要意义。此黑烃控制方案,不但能降低工人劳动强度,还能提高企业经济效益,具有良好的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Crude oil is a valuable one-time resources, and is also indispensable basic materials to the development of modern industrial and agricultural production. However, crude oil contains a certain amount of easy-to-volatile light components, if the oil and gas gathering and processing process is not closed, light components will be lost, which will cause the resources’waste of oil and gas. In order to solve this problem, China’s oil fields have been widely used in oil and gas gathering confined process, and have been builded a large number of oil stability device. The operation of these devices dramatically reduces the loss of volatile oil. At the same time, we can recovery several hundred thousand tons of light hydrocarbon each year, and achieve good economic and social benefits.With the oil recovery process complicated increasingly, crude oil dehydration becomes more and more difficult, it will result in xcessive water cut in the oil from the joint station, stable tower prone to liquid pan and the black hydrocarbon accident, these will affect stability of the light hydrocarbon yield of the original device and smooth operation of the device seriously. In the normal course of producting hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon is colorless, transparent, volatile, inflammable, explosive liquid, impurity is less. But under the influence of some factors, the foam of oil or oil into hydrocarbon, which made the hydrocarbon darken. After analysis and comparison, this paper adopts a classification flash technology to transform crude oil stabilization device. Based on SRK equation of state, have established process calculation model of the main unit of the process of crude oil stability device and system model, and conduct steady-state process simulation. Analyzed the impact of flash pressure on the water cut of dehydrated crude oil, the recovery of light hydrocarbon and the energy consumption of devices, obtained the best operating parameters of new additional flash tower.Classification flash technology will be applied to crude stabilization devices, this can control the accident generation of black hydrocarbon, ensure the normal operation of crude oil stabilizing device, which will creat a great significance on holding the stability of the entire plant’s normal production. This black hydrocarbon control scheme, not only can decrease wokers’labor intensity, but also can improve the economic benefit of enterprise, has a good application prospect.更多还原