【作者】 胡衍明；

【导师】 刘巨保；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 化工过程机械， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着石油化工行业的迅猛发展以及能源安全问题重要性的增加,世界各国都已建造了数量相当的大型原油储罐。立式储罐是我国石油石化企业广泛使用的储罐形式,这类设备一旦发生事故后果不堪设想。在工程中,通常把罐顶设计成弱顶结构,使储罐遭到意外超压情况下,破坏发生在罐顶与罐壁连接处,避免带来更大的次生灾害。锥顶储罐是国外大量使用的储罐形式,通常认为锥顶储罐会在罐顶形成受压区,因而具有弱顶保护的效果;拱顶储罐是我国大量使用的储罐形式,通常认为,由于其罐顶结构的自限性不具有弱顶保护效果;因此,对其进行安全性研究是很重要的。本文以2×104m3立式储罐为研究对象,以储罐设计中常用的三种设计标准API-650、GB-50341、SH-3046为基础,设计符合标准定义的弱顶储罐,采用有限元数值模拟技术,对其进行应力强度和稳定性分析。本文建立2×104m3锥顶储罐强度分析和稳定性分析的有限元模型,计算结果表明:三种标准设计的弱顶储罐,在内压作用下强度破坏均发生在罐顶与罐壁连接处,随着锥顶坡度下降,破坏压力降低,采用API-650设计的弱顶结构发生强度破坏压力最大、与理论公式计算结果误差低于63Pa,采用SH-3046设计的弱顶结构强度破坏压力最小。三种标准设计的弱顶储罐,内压失稳破会均发生在罐顶与罐壁连接区域的边缘板和包边角钢,失稳破坏内压随锥顶坡度的下降而减小,采用API-650、GB-50341设计的弱顶结构失稳破坏内压均小于强度破坏压力,先发生失稳破坏;采用SH-3046设计的弱顶结构在坡度1/6~1/8之间,失稳破坏内压大于强度破坏压力,先发生强度破坏;在坡度1/9是先发生失稳破坏。建立2×104m3拱顶储罐强度分析和稳定性分析的有限元模型,计算结果表明:采用SH-3046设计的弱顶结构也具有弱顶保护效果。罐顶曲率半径为1.2*D~1.1*D之间,具有弱顶保护效果;罐顶曲率半径为0.8*D时,储罐在空载工况下,罐底会产生提离,当储罐为满载工况时,会在罐底处发生强度破坏,储罐发生失稳的临界压力大于储罐发生强度破坏和提离的压力。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid economic development of petroleum and chemical industry and the increasing importance of energy security, many countries have constructed a big number of large storage tanks. Vertical storage tank was widely used in our country. If the accident happens, it would produce great losses. In the project, usually designed tank as the weak-proof structure to protect tank when subjected over-pressure, make the breakage broken at the top of the tank instead of broken at the bottom of the tank. Cone-roof tank was widely used abroad, it considered at the top would form of compression zone, therefore, have protective effect. Dome-roof tank was widely used in our country. Generally, because of its top structure of self-limited, it does not have a protective effect. Therefore, it is very important to study on its safety. In this paper, make the 2×104m3 vertical storage tank as the object, three kinds of design standards were used to storage tank design, such as, API-650, GB-50341, SH-3046. We designed to meet the standard definition of weak roof storage tank, using FEA method, offered strength and stability analysis. In this paper, bulit 2×104m3 cone-roof storage tank’s strength and stability model, as the results shown, damage have occurred in the top and wall’s junction. As the decline in cone roof slope, undermining the pressure to reduce. Using API-650 standards, intensity-break pressure was the biggest of all, maximum error was bellow 63Pa. Using SH-3046 standards, intensity-break pressure was the lowest of all. All kinds of weak-proof structures were broken at the top of the tank. Buckling pressure was lower than intensity-break pressure of all three standards. Between 1/6~1/8 intensity-break was the first place by SH-3046. Bulit 2×104m3 dome-roof storage tank’s strength and stability model, as the results shown, Radius of curvature between 1.2*D~1.1*D, meet the standard definition of weak roof storage tank. Radius of curvature 0.8*D, was uplift at empty load, and intensity-break on bottom at full load. Buckling pressure was the biggest of all.更多还原