【作者】 付波；

【导师】 毛国梁； 张翼；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 油气田化学工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着稠油不断开发,如何实现稠油输送已成为紧迫任务,降低稠油凝点和粘度,改善其流动性是解决输送问题的关键。本文以辽河稠油为研究目标,主要对乳化降粘剂的研制、稠油降解菌的筛选及性能评价、化学-微生物复合降粘集输工艺进行了系统研究。本论文通过正交实验,研制出降粘剂FB的最优配方是op-10、NP-10、NaHCO3、TX-10质量比为1:1:1:1。考察了加入量、油水体积比、温度等因素对乳化降粘效果的影响,优化了最佳乳化降粘工艺,确定最佳降粘剂加入量为200mg/L、油水体积比为7:3、处理温度为50℃。实验发现,使用降粘剂FB在最佳工艺条件下,稠油降粘率达到了89.65%。以稠油为唯一碳源,成功地从土壤中筛选出F系列稠油降解菌,即F-1~F-3。其中菌株F-2生长速度快,环境适应能力最强,微生物量为2.34×109cfu/g,排油圈直径达到了5.6cm。实验研究了菌株F-2的最佳培养条件为培养天数7d、添加K2HPO4 150mg/L、NH4NO3 100mg/L、石油2.0g/L。根据红外谱图分析,初步断定菌株F-2所产生的生物表面活性剂为糖与环酯结合形成不饱和糖酯类物质。发酵过程中F系列菌株pH值不断降低,说明产生了数量不等的酸类物质。微生物实验考察了时间、接种量、温度等因素对F系列菌降解稠油效果的影响,菌株F-2的降解率一直处于最高状态,确定最佳降解时间为6d、接种量为6%、温度为45℃,该条件下稠油降解率达到了81.28%,乳状液的类型均转变为O/W型。本文选取降解效果较好的单菌F-2和混合菌F-23作为化学-微生物复合降粘实验研究菌种,分别考察了处理时间、温度、营养源等因素对降粘效果的影响,确定最佳处理时间为6d、温度为45℃、需要同时添加氮源和磷源,在该实验条件下,稠油粘度最终降为116.45mPa·s,降粘率高达99.15%,凝点降为22.0℃,降凝幅度为5.5℃,说明复合降粘工艺能够很好地改善稠油物性,从而证明了化学-微生物复合降粘技术在稠油集输中的可行性。实验还对后续废水处理进行了破乳研究,筛选出破乳剂SP-169,通过正交实验得出复合降粘的最佳破乳条件:温度为30℃、处理时间为20min、加入量为100mg/L,此时脱水率高达99.35%。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous development of heavy oil exploitation, it has become an urgent task to transport heavy oil, The key to solve the transportation problem is to reduce the pour point and viscosity of heavy oil, which improve its liquidity, Liaohe heavy oil was used as the research objectives. This paper systematically studied the composition of emulsifying viscosity reducer, the screening of heavy oil degrading bacteria and its performance, gathering-transportation technology of chemistry-microbial compound viscosity reduction.Through orthogonal tests, the optimum formula of viscosity reducer was FB, which composed of op-10, NP-10, NaHCO3, TX-10, and mass ratio was 1:1:1:1. Effects of adding amount of reducer, oil-water volume ratio, temperature and other factors on viscosity reduction were investigated, Optimized conditions were determined that the optimum amount of thinning agent was 200mg/L, oil-water volume ratio was 7:3, processing temperature was 50℃. The heavy oil viscosity reduction rate reached 89.65% by using thinning agent FB, at the best conditions.With heavy oil as the sole carbon source, the F series heavy oil degrading bacteria were successfully screened from the soil, namely, F-1~F-3. Among which strain F-2 has fast growth rate, strongest ability to adapt environment, its microbial biomass was 2.34×109cfu/g, oil spreading diameter reached 5.6cm. Optimum culture conditions for strain F-2 was culture time-7d, concentration of K2HPO4-150mg/L, NH4NO3-100mg/L, oil-2g/L. According to infrared spectrum analysis, the bio-surfactant produced by strain F-2 was unsaturated ring sugar estersThe pH value continue decreasing during the fermentation process of F series strains, indicating acidic substances were form in that process. The effects of micro-organisms of time, inoculum size, temperature and other factors on the F-bacteria effect of degradation of heavy oil were investigate d, strain F-2 gaved the highest degradation tresults. The best conditions determined wasdegradation time: 6d, inoculum size: 6%, temperature: 45℃, the degradation rate of heavy oil under these conditions reached 81.28%, the type of emulsion were transformed into O/W type.Single strain F-2 and hybrid strain F-23 were used in the study of chemistry-microbial compound viscosity reduction technology, the effect of processing time, temperature, nutrient source and other factors on the viscosity reduction were investigated. The optimum processing time was 6d, temperature was 45℃, simultaneously needed to add nitrogen and phosphorus source. At experimental conditions, the heavy oil viscosity eventually reduced to 116.45mPa·s, the rate of viscosity reduction increased to 99.15%, solidifying point reduced to 22.0℃, pour point decreased for 5.5℃, which shown that complex viscosity reduction process could improve heavy oil’sproperties, this technology could be used in heavy oil gathering and transportation. The follow-up experiment was also carried out to study the demulsification in wastewater treatmen. SP-169 was used as demulsifier, the best demulsification conditions through the orthogonal experiment were determined as follow: the best temperature, processing time and adding amount were 30℃, 20min and 100mg/L, respectivly, the rate of dehydration reached 99.35%.更多还原