【作者】 贾灵充；

【导师】 原思明；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 马克思主义民族理论与政策， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 河南是全国最大的民族散杂居省份,也是中国回族的第三大聚居地,是我国民族关系历史演进最具典型性的地区之一。河南民族关系尤其是回汉民族关系,牵一发而动全身,对于甘肃、宁夏等其他地区的稳定也有重要影响。近代以来,虽然历届政府都采取了治理措施,但由于其自身的阶级局限性,未能也不可能彻底解决河南的民族问题。新中国成立初期,在中央的直接关怀下,河南地方政府迅速采取积极措施,建立了各民族间平等、团结、互助的新型社会主义民族关系,彻底消除了政治歧视和民族压迫,揭开了河南民族关系的崭新一页。民国时期,无论何方实力派当政河南,在对待回族等少数民族上无一例外都采取了歧视和压迫政策,为了满足和维护其一己之私而不惜牺牲少数民族利益,在风俗习惯和宗教信仰等方面侵犯回族正当权益的现象时有发生。不仅引发了回族的多次集体抗争,而且对于河南的民族关系造成了深远的负面影响。由此所造成的少数民族与汉族间的隔阂和不信任,直到新中国成立以后才得到彻底消除。新中国成立以后,党和政府确立并实施平等、团结、互助的民族政策。鉴于河南民族关系的敏感性和重要性,毛泽东同志就曾在关于河南民族工作的报告上作出过《批判大汉族主义》的著名党内指示。通过对少数民族慰问、实行民族区域自治、土地改革和社会主义改造、实行政教分离、大力帮助少数民族发展经济和文化等工作,河南在较短时间内初步建立了平等、团结、互助的新型民族关系,各少数民族的政治、经济和文化面貌焕然一新。政治上,实现了族际政治的有效整合;经济上,初步建立了新型社会主义民族关系的物质基础;文化上,初步形成了新型社会主义民族文化关系。新中国初期河南的民族工作,是六十年来我国散杂居民族工作最初探索的重要组成部分。不仅创造性地建立和完善了城市民族区制度,为总结和探索我国散杂居民族工作的特点、规律,形成有中国特色的社会主义民族散杂居工作理论提供了诸多启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Henan is a "pluralistic integration" pattern of ethnic relations in China under the historical evolution of one of the most typical. Henan is the largest ethnic-mixed province in China, which is also the third largest Muslim settlement in China. Ethnic relations in Henan province, especially the Muslim-Chinese relations will affect the stable society, also having an important impact on Gansu, Ningxia and other regions of ethnic relations. In modern times, especially from 1911, successive Governments had taken the appropriate remedial measures, but because of the limitations on value orientation of the policy, they had no the ability and have no possibility to completely solve the ethnic problem in Henan. Since foundation of new China, under the direct concern of the central government, Henan local government take positive measures immediately. The initial establishment of the new socialist ethnic relations of various inter-ethnic equality, unity and mutual assistance has been getting rid of the elimination of political discrimination and oppression, and totally solve the ethnic problem in Henan. Henan Province opens a new page of the mixed ethnic areas and the country in ethnic relations.During Republican period, there were the warlord factions, constant natural disasters. In the central of China, Henan Province is located in the hinterland of disasters which suffered a lot. No matter which power faction was in charge of Henan, in dealing with the problem between Hui and other ethnic minorities, without exception, the power had adopted a policy of discrimination and oppression in order to govern people and meet self desire by ignorance of minority interests. In the customs and religious beliefs, phenomena of violation of the legitimate rights and interests of Muslim have occurred. Even the attitude of inequality and ignorance from the authorities not only led to repeated mass protests Hui, but also caused a far-reaching negative impact on ethnic relations in Henan. Thus the gap and distrust, between minority and the Han, uncompleted until the founding of New China.After the founding of New China, the Party and Government establish and enforce equality, unity and mutual assistance of national policy. In view of the sensitivity of Henan Province and the importance of ethnic relations, Comrade Mao Zedong for Henan Province has made national work "critical Han chauvinism," a well-known lecture within the party instructions. By minority condolences to the implementation of ethnic regional autonomy, land reform and socialist transformation, implementation of secularism, to help develop the economy and culture of ethnic minorities, etc., in a relatively short period of time the initial establishment of equality, unity and mutual assistance between the new nation ensure the various ethnic minorities in Henan political, economic and cultural face-lift.At the beginning of new China, Henan’s national work is an important part of the original that first explored the maid land on scattered and mixed nationalities of China’s six decades of work. Through creatively establishing and improving the city’s district system, the people’s government enrich the development of regional ethnic autonomy system and provide the local government with an important inspiration to set up national district in the current process of urbanization of the nation, moreover provides the bulk mixed lot of inspiration to summarize and explore the work of our bulk mixed ethnic characteristics, laws, the formation of national socialism with Chinese characteristics theory of work. Meanwhile, Henan ethnic work in earlier new China gives, to the party’s "two vanguards" theory, a more historical basis and a lively comment.更多还原