【作者】 叶枝娟；

【导师】 王恩国；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 基础心理学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 有意遗忘是一种全新的记忆研究范式,与自然遗忘不同,它强调遗忘的有意性和指向性。目前主要有两种研究方法:项目法和字表法。一般认为,字表法有意遗忘的机制是提取抑制,所以通过字表法有意遗忘的研究可以揭示被试是否存在提取抑制能力。后来研究者们又提出,字表法有意遗忘中也存在编码的影响。而抑制缺陷和编码能力不足是造成学习困难两个主要原因。本研究采用字表法有意遗忘范式来探讨不同类型学习困难学生在有意遗忘任务中的表现,试图从这一领域来寻求学习困难的原因。材料性质能够影响有意遗忘,而且不同类型的学习困难学生可能对不同的材料的敏感度不同,因此我们设计了两个实验:学困生的汉语单字信息有意遗忘和学困生的数字信息有意遗忘,来研究学习困难学生的有意遗忘。通过两个实验,本研究得到了如下结论:(1)对照组学生在汉语单字有意遗忘实验中出现了有意遗忘现象,数困组、语困组、双困组在汉语单字有意遗忘实验中没有出现有意遗忘。(2)汉语单字有意遗忘是提取抑制与编码共同作用的结果。(3)对照组学生对汉字单字具有较强的抑制能力,数困、语困两类学生对汉语单字的抑制能力发展不完善,双困生的抑制能力最差。(4)对照组和语困组表现出了数字信息有意遗忘现象,在数困组和双困组没有发现数字信息有意遗忘现象。(5)数字信息有意遗忘的机制是提取抑制。(6)对照组和语困组在数字信息有意遗忘实验中表现出较好的抑制能力,数困组和双困组对数字信息的抑制能力存在严重不足。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study of intentional forgetting is a completely newly research paradigm. It emphasizes that it is intentional and directed and is very different from spontaneous forgetting. There are two main research methods at present: the list method and the item method. Generally, it is believed that retrieval inhibition play a very important role in the list method paradigm, so which can reveal participants’capacity on retrieval inhibition. Later researchers pointed out that the list method intentional forgetting effect is also affected by encoding. Inhibition deficits and coding capacity are two main reasons causing learning disability. In this study, we used the list method intentional forgetting paradigm to investigate the different type learning disabilities’performance in the task, trying to seek reasons for the disabilities from the field.First, the nature of the experimental material affected intentional forgetting. Secondly, different types of learning disabilities may have different sensitivity for different materials. So we designed two experiments: Chinese word intentional forgetting with learning disabilities and Arabic numerals intentional forgetting with learning disabilities. Through two experiments, the conclusions of the study were following.1. The control group, namely, the normal students in Chinese word intentional forgetting experiments appeared intentional forgetting phenomenon, but language difficulties group, mathematic disability and double-trapped group do not appear this phenomenon.2. Chinese word intentional forgetting mechanism is retrieval inhibition and encoding.3. In Chinese word intentional forgetting experiment, the students of control group, have the strongest suppression, the suppression of mathematic and reading disability students develop incompletely, and the inhibition of double-trapped group is the worst.4. The control group and the reading disability group display Arabic numerals intentional forgetting .while mathematic disability and double-trapped group don’t appear this phenomenon.5. The mechanism of Arabic numerals intentional forgetting is retrieval inhibition.6. In Chinese word intentional forgetting experiment the control group and the reading disability group show a better suppression, however, the mathematic and double-trapped group are significant lack of suppression.更多还原