【作者】 宗闪闪；

【导师】 杨旭红；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 纺织材料与纺织品设计， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 全球能源短缺,以石油为主要的原料的合成纤维的发展也受到了一定的限制。棉花生产总量仍然满足不了纺织业的生产需要,毛、麻等纺织原材料也需要大量的进口。在这种情况下,探索开发一种新的纤维素纤维有现实意义。我国甘蔗的种植面积很大,且甘蔗的产量较高,甘蔗皮可以直接取来使用,资源丰富。由于甘蔗渣密度低、价格低廉、且可降解,近年来也被广泛用于制备复合材料。有研究表明甘蔗皮纤维比蔗渣纤维增强复合材料的性能更好。因此本文针对甘蔗皮纤维的特点,研究了提取甘蔗皮短纤维和束纤维的工艺。短纤维可用于制备复合材料,甘蔗皮束纤维可作为纺织用纤维。首先本文对甘蔗皮进行成分分析。成分分析结果表明,甘蔗皮中的纤维素含量约为35%,具有开发利用的价值。然后针对各个成分所占比例、各个成分对酸碱的稳定性不同,选取合理的酸碱处理温度和浓度。本文利用正交试验的方法,以纤维得率为主要指标、纤维长度为参照指标,参照红外光谱分析等方法确定甘蔗皮短纤维的初步提取工艺,并分析影响纤维长度和得率的主要因素。在提取过程中发现碱煮因素对甘蔗皮纤维的性能影响较大。因此本文在初步探索得到的工艺基础上,进一步研究了碱煮温度、浓度、时间对甘蔗皮纤维的性能的影响。通过对甘蔗皮纤维得率、长度、结晶度、力学性能、热学性能的综合分析,得出较优的提取甘蔗皮长纤维的工艺。最后,测试了较优工艺下甘蔗皮纤维的性能,包括形态结构、吸放湿、密度等性能,探索甘蔗皮纤维作为纺织用纤维的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The global energy is shortage, the development of synthetic fibers whose main raw material is oil have also been limited.The total cotton production is still unable to meet the textile industry’s needs.Wool,linen and other textile raw materials also need a lot of imports.In this situation, to explore a new cellulose fiber has practical significance. There are large area of sugarcane cultivation in China, and with higher yield. Sugarcane rind can be directly taken to use,and is rich in resources.As the bagasse has low density, low cost, and can be degraded, it is also been widely used for preparation of composite materials. Some studies showed that sugarcane rind fiber reinforced composite had better performance than the composites reinforced with bagasse fiber. As a result,based on the characteristics of sugarcane rind fiber, this paper studied on the extraction technology of sugarcane rind short fibers and fiber bundles.Short fibers can be used to prepare composite materials, fiber bundles can be used as textile fibers.First, this paper analyzed the sugarcane rind’s components.The analysising results showed that the sugarcane rind contented about 35% cellulose, with the value of development and utilization.Then,for each component‘s proportion and different stability to acid-base, we selected the reasonable temperature and concentration of acid-base.This paper studied on the initial extraction process to extract sugarcane rind short fibers by means of the orthogonal test,combined with the fiber length and FTlR spectra.And it also analyze the main factors which impact the fiber’s length.Was found the alkali boiling performance has greater impact to sugarcane rind fibers during the extraction process.So this paper has a further study on the effect of the alkali’s boiling temperature, concentration and time to the sugarcane rind fiber’s properties based on the initial exploration process.We obtained the optimum extraction technology by comprehensive analysis of sugarcane rind fiber’s yield,length, crystallinity, mechanical properties, thermal properties.Finally,we tested the properties of the fiber obtained through the optimum extraction technology,such as the fiber’s morphological structure, moisture absorption and desorption, density, and so on.By this means,we explore the feasibility of sugarcane rind fiber using in textile.更多还原