【作者】 刘永彬；

【导师】 陈向澜；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 外国哲学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 以康德《纯然理性限度内的宗教》为依据,解读康德理性宗教论域中的根本恶学说,指明恶与生存之内在关联,进而将恶推进至生存论域,表明根本恶之本质乃在于此在之有限性即时间性结构。康德认为人天生是恶的,这种恶是一种“根本恶”,根源在于道德次序的颠倒。对人的本性中恶的起源只能追问其理性上的根源,从而确立人向善的可能性。通过建立道德法则作为所有准则的最高根据的纯粹性和走进伦理共同体,实现在地上建立上帝国。他要建立的道德原则是一个先天综合命题,是在所有经验以前就给予人的。他反对一切人类学的根据,但恶是有一个人类学的、因而是经验的基础的。根本恶应在对人的本质关联中讨论,因而是恶的形而上学问题。以关于存在的基本问题为目标,从存在的真理性和本质这一角度加以讨论。阐明根本恶的本质在于人的有限性,植根于人的存在的时间性结构。有限也意味着超越和自由的可能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Interpretion Kant’s Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft,this article described his theory of radical evil under the perspective of Moral theology and explained the radical evil to be connected with being, which also meant the temporality structure of being.Kant believed that human is evil in nature, and he named it the radical evil which caused by the moral disorder. To pursue the original evil of human nature has to question its rational root but not to seek it on time. By establishing a moral law as all criteria of the highest purity, reconstruct the original nature of being good. Kant believed that the foundation of moral is inherent. The moral principle he was about to establish was a synthetic priori propositions, which was inherent transcendental. But in practical people doubted if there was any obeyable moral law. There is a contradiction between the conclusion and the fact of Kant’s moral law. He opposed all the reasons of anthropology again and again, but evil is anthropological, which means it is basical and experiential.Evil should be discussed in associated with human nature,so it’s a problem of metaphysical. The writer intended to explain the basical questions of existance, and he discussed it from the perspective of the truth and the nature of existance. He clarified the essence of radical evil was human beings’ finiteness,and rooted in the structure of the time of human existence. The finiteness also means the possibility of transcending and freedom.更多还原