【作者】 韩春荣；

【导师】 刘果厚；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 野生动植物保护与利用， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 鄂尔多斯半日花是亚洲中部荒漠的特有种,对研究亚洲中部,特别是研究我国荒漠植物区系的起源以及地中海植物区系的联系具有重要的科学价值。本文以鄂尔多斯半日花为研究对象,利用遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)和全球定位系统(GPS)技术,首次界定了鄂尔多斯半日花的分布区,并对鄂尔多斯半日花分布区近18年来的景观动态变化进行了分析,研究鄂尔多斯半日花分布区景观结构动态变化及其群落类型,探讨了鄂尔多斯半日花的生存现状、濒危原因与保护措施。其结论如下:(1)鄂尔多斯半日花分布区面积为1123.771km~2,海拔1100~1600m;地理坐标106°36′—107°25′E,39°10′—40°10′N,在鄂尔多斯市鄂托克旗棋盘井,乌海市千里山、岗德格尔山和桌子山周围、五虎山等石质丘陵顶部、剥蚀山地干燥阳坡上部,呈岛状分布。(2)1990～2008年间鄂尔多斯半日花分布区面积有所减小,斑块趋于破碎化。18年间鄂尔多斯半日花种群的分布面积减少了102.756km~2,群落面积减少了45.918km~2。(3)1990年以来研究区景观格局发生了很大的变化。在整个景观中,破碎化指数、斑块数量、斑块密度、多样性与均匀性指数不断增加,而斑块面积与斑块平均面积逐年减小,表明研究区的景观组分趋于复杂化、破碎化与多元化。(4)人类活动是导致鄂尔多斯半日花濒危的主要因素,工矿用地从1990年的61.878 km~2增加到2008年的130.828 km~2,交通用地从1990年的4.01 km~2增到2008年的11.269km~2。(5)在GIS数据库中建立系统,使群落类型图与实地照片的连接便于管理,能及时反应鄂尔多斯半日花动态,以便决策者采取及时有效的保护措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Helianthemum ordosicum is a endemic species of the desert in middle Asia, which has important scientific value in studying the origin of desert flora in middle Asia and particularly in China and the links with the Mediterranean flora. Taking the H. ordosicum as the object of study in the article by remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS) and the global positioning system (GPS) technology, the H. ordosicum distribution area has been limited for the first time, and the landscape dynamic change of the distribution area in the past 18 years has been carried on the analysis. Furthermore, the vegetation types in the distribution area, present surviving situation of H. ordosicum, the reason to be in imminent danger and the protective measures have been studied throughout the article. Its conclusion is as follows:(1)The distribution area of H. ordosicum is 1123.771km~2, and the species was born in the elevation 1100~1600m scope. Its geographical coordinate is in 106°36 ’ - 107°25 ’ E, 39°10 ’ - 40°10 ’ N scope. Its present distribution is primarily limited in Erdos etuokeqi qipanjing, around the Wuhai qianligou, the Gandger mountain and the Zhuozi wuhushan, with graval foothills as the major habitats in the rocky hill crown, the denudation mountains dry sunny slope and so on landform spots, assumes the island shape distribution.(2) During 1990~2008 years, the H. ordosicum distribution area has reduces and the patch tends fragmented. During the 18 years, H. ordosicum dispersal area reduced 102.756km~2, the community area reduced 45.918km~2.(3) Since 1990, the research area landscape pattern has had the very big change. In the entire landscape, the fragmentation index, patch quantity, the patch density, the diversity and the evenness index increase unceasingly, but the patch area and the patches average area reduce year by year, which indicated that the research area the landscape component tends the complication, stave and the multiplication.(4) The primary factor which causes the H. ordosicum to be in imminent danger is the human activity. The industry and mining land during1990~2008 years increase from 61.878 km~2 to 130.828 km~2, the transportation land during1990~2008 years increases from 4.01 km~2 to 11.269km~2. increasing artificial landscape area like the insustry and mining land and overgrazing and so on causes the H. ordosicum population area to reduce. And causes the H. ordosicum habitat between the humanity environment causes the competition.(5) Establishes the system in the GIS database, and the community type chart to be advantageous for the management on the spot with the picture connection, can respond the H. ordosicum tendency promptly, so that the policy-maker can take the prompt effective protective measures.更多还原