【作者】 曲良艳；

【导师】 弓弼；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 人类既是环境的产物,也是环境的塑造者。人类可以保护和改善环境造福于人类,也可以破坏环境危及人类的生存和发展。随着城市化进程的不断加速,我国自然灾害日渐严重,严重威胁到城市居民的生存与发展,在世纪之初,汶川地震、南方雪灾、台湾洪灾、玉树地震等自然灾害的发生更是让我们清晰地认识到城市综合防灾建设的必要性和迫切性。自古以来,绿地在城市防灾减灾方面就发挥着重要作用,唐代类书《初学记》曾有记载:“囿有林池,所以御灾也”。城市绿地作为城市应急避灾场所的重要组成部分,在城市抵御自然灾害的过程中发挥着不可或缺的作用,然而在近年来的城市防灾建设及城市绿地建设中并未得到应有的重视。防灾绿地是城市绿地发挥防灾作用的物质载体,如何根据城市自然灾害类型及区域分布特征,针对性的进行防灾绿地规划建设,则是本文论述的关键和重点。本研究从城市自然灾害的特征出发,结合我国城市主要自然灾害类型及区域分布特点,对我国城市防灾绿地的功能、特性进行分析,总结归纳了城市防灾绿地的规划建设原则和体系构建要点。在此基础上,针对不同灾害类型对防灾绿地的规划设计进行深入探讨研究,得出以下几点结论:1.我国城市防灾绿地整体规划建设应遵循平灾结合原则、综合规划原则、科学布局原则、因地制宜原则和安全性原则。2.城市防震避灾绿地由紧急避灾绿地、固定避灾绿地、中心避灾绿地、避灾疏散通道以及救灾通道等空间要素组成,在具体的规划设计时,应安全选址、科学分布,根据人均避灾面积及空间有效服务半径来合理确定各类避灾绿地的建设规模。同时各类避灾绿地的出入口布局、道路规划、广场分布、植物种植设计及防灾设施等要素应科学合理设置。3.在区域性、系统性、重点性和可行性建设原则的指导下,城市防洪绿地规划应注重城市内外水网系统的通达,在低于城市防洪水位线以下的区域重点建设生态涵养林和城市湿地,在防洪水位线以上安全地段,结合防震避灾绿地合理规划抗洪避灾绿地。同时在全城范围内加强地下储水设施、公园绿地和屋顶绿化的建设。4.城市防台风绿地规划应建立完善的城市内外部林网系统,同时结合城市防洪建设,做好城市内外部水网系统和滨水防护绿地系统的规划,构建防灾化、生态化的复合生态网络绿地体系。在此基础上,根据植物的抗风能力不同合理选择树种。5.城市防沙尘暴绿地规划应根据城市的主导风向,营建由防风林、农田防护林及水土保持林组成的城市外围林网系统以及内部防护绿地系统,构建城市绿色生态屏障。同时结合自然地理气候,选择抗风力强、耐旱性强、生长快、寿命长的乡土植物。6.在城市规划建设初期,应对当地地质、地形状况进行分析,划分滑坡危险预测区,在此区域内采用工程措施与植物防护相结合的方式,合理规划城市防滑坡绿地。7.不同区域范围内的城市在防灾绿地规划建设中,可根据其防灾重点,有针对性的选择并加以整合优化,建设以防震避灾为基底、具有多重自然灾害防御功能的城市防灾绿地。更多还原

【Abstract】 Humanity is not only product of environment, but also shapers of environment. Humans can protect and improve the environment for the benefit of mankind and also can damage the environment and threatens the humans’existence and development. With the accelerating process of urbanization, natural disaster is becoming more and more serious in China, which severely threatens people’s living. At the beginning of his century, natural disasters like Wenchuan earthquake, snow storm in South of China, flooding in Taiwan, Yushu earthquake, which reminded us clearly recognize the imperative and urgency of the urban comprehensive disaster prevention construction.Since ancient times, green space has played an important role in urban disaster prevention and mitigation. The book of“Beginners Mind”in Tang Dynasty had recoded that forest and pool could prevent disasters. Urban green space as an important component of emergency shelters, which played an indispensable role in resisting natural disaster, but in recent years, construction of urban disaster prevention and urban green building did not attract public attention. This paper mainly focused on the planning and construction of disaster prevention green space according to the type of urban natural disaster and it’s regional distribution characteristics.This study starts from the characteristics of urban natural disaster, combined with the type of natural disaster and it’s regional features together, analyzed the function and character of urban disaster prevention green space, summarized the planning and construction conception and system main points of urban disaster prevention green space. On this basis, explored the planning of different types of disaster prevention green space, come to the following conclusions:1. The overall planning and construction of disaster prevention green space should imply with the principle of peaceful and disaster combination, comprehensive planning principle, reasonable layout principle, rational distribution principle, the principle of local conditions and safety principles.2. Urban earthquake prevention green space include the following section: emergency shelter space, fixed shelter space, central shelter space, evacuation and rescue access channel etc. In the specific planning project, we should select safety location, scientific distribution, according to the per capita area of disaster prevention and effective service radius of space to reasonably determine the size of various types of disaster prevention in the construction of green space. At the same time the import and export, road planning, square distribution, plants and planting design elements and disaster prevention facilities of green space should be scientific and rational set.3. Under the guidance of construction principles of regional, systematic, focused and feasibility, urban flooding prevention green space should focused on within and outside the reach of water network systems, the region which below urban flooding prevention level should build ecological forestry and urban wetland, enhancing and constructing underground storage facilities, parks and green roof within the urban area.4. Urban Typhoon prevention green space planning should build a sound internal and external forest belt system, combined with flood control construction in the city and do well in the external and internal city water network protection systems and waterfront green space system planning, to build disaster prevention and complexed ecological green space system network. On this basis, selecting reasonable plant species according to the plant’s wind resistance capacity.5. Urban sand-storm prevention green space planning should be based on the city’s dominant wind direction, building external and internal urban green space system protection which composed of windbreaks, shelterbelts and soil and water conservation forest shelterbelt system, and constructing an urban green barrier. At the same time should be combined with physical geography climate, selecting wind resistance, drought tolerance and fast-growing, long-lived native plants.6. At the beginning of urban planning and construction, we should analyze local geology, terrain condition, and forecasting division of landslide hazard areas, where take engineering measures and plant protection combination, and reasonably design anti-landslide green space.7. The planning and construction of urban disaster prevention green space in different cities should in accordance with their priorities, and contrapuntally selecting and integrating, building to earthquake disaster prevention as the basement, with multiple functions of natural disaster prevention urban green space.更多还原