【作者】 崔娜；

【导师】 辛全才；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 渡槽是跨越河流、道路、山冲、山谷等的架空输水交叉建筑物,是渠系建筑物中应用最广的交叉建筑物之一。对于渡槽的结构造型优化国内外研究较少。随着一些大型输水工程的建设,在保证渡槽设计的合理性和实用性的前提下,如何降低工程投资,是我们急需解决的问题。结构拓扑优化可使复杂结构在初步选型阶段即可灵活理性地进行方案优选,近年来已成为国际结构优化研究领域最热点的问题之一。为此,本文在阅读大量国内外文献的基础上,研究了MATLAB和拓扑优化的基本理论,分别从水力学和结构力学角度入手,采用差分进化法和均匀化方法,初步探讨了渡槽形式结构的优化设计和比选,主要研究工作有:(1)从水力学的角度,基于MATLAB求解,研究了渡槽槽身断面的优化比选设计。以边坡系数为设计变量,采用差分进化法对实用经济断面进行了分析。计算结果表明,底部为半圆形的U型渡槽在满足过流量等基本要求下,能有效地减少截面尺寸,减轻支撑承受的荷载,对于尺寸较大的渡槽宜采用U形断面。(2)从结构优化设计出发,介绍了结构优化设计的基本概念、建模步骤和结构拓扑优化理论的历史背景。在此基础上,对均匀化方法的基本原理、数学模型和基于ANSYS的结构拓扑优化实现进行了研究。(3)选用工程实例,以ANSYS的APDL语言二次开发连续体结构拓扑优化程序为基础,对渡槽支撑结构建立拓扑优化模型,获得了渡槽拱架较合理的初始结构方案,其支撑在均布荷载作用下结构呈拱形,符合经典抛物线拱理论,证明了抛物线作为合理拱轴线的正确性。研究结果表明了拓扑优化方法在渡槽设计上的可行性和优越性,应用前景较为广阔。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aqueduct is a cross construction which is used to transport water. And it span river, road, mountain, valley etc. It is one of the cross construction which is the most widely used to the canal system construction. There is less study about the framework optimization of the aqueduct in domestic or overseas. With the big transpot water project being bulit, how to reduce investment is a problem which need to resolve in the future. Because topology optimization with better schemes can be chosen in introduction design stage. Recently, it has become the hottest problems in the international structure optimization filed.Therefor, after reading numbers of foreign documents and domestic relative papers, this text further studied the basic theory of MATLAB and topology optimization and discussed the structure’s optimal design and select of aqueduct at the point of views of hydraulics and structure mechanics which separately adopted the method of the evolution and homogenization. The most works are:(1) At the point of hydraulics , this thesis studied the aqueduct body’s optimal design based on MATLAB. It adopted the method of the evolution and analyzed practical economical section plane with the variable of slope modulus. The result indicated that the U-style aqueduct with hemicycle bottom can effectively decrease the section size and lighten load based on the basic need of certain flux. The biggish aqueduct should adopt U-style section plane.(2) Starting with the structure optimization design, the thesis introduced basic concept, modeling process and history background of the topology optimization theory. And it studied the basic theory of homogenization method, mathematic model and the realization of the topology optimization based on ANSYS.(3) Using actual project, the thesis established the geometry model for the underprop of aqueduct base on the topology optimization program with the APDL language of ANSYS and gained reasonable original frame project. Under the even load, it came into being in arch and accorded with the cast curve theory. It proved that the cast curve is correct as the reasonable arch axes. The result indicate that the feasibility and advantage of the topology optimization for the design. The outcome also show that the topology optimization is better and it can be used widely.更多还原