【作者】 马贇花；

【导师】 薛吉全；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 采用高产品种是获取玉米高产的重要因素之一,干物质生产、转运和分配是影响产量的重要过程。本试验选用6个玉米杂交种(陕单8806,陕单602,陕单604,陕单605,登海601,京单28),采用75 000株/ha的密度大田种植,调查了干物质积累、叶面积、光合特征参数、籽粒灌浆速率等生理参数,以阐述不同玉米品种干物质积累、转运和分配与产量形成的关系,结果表明:1.依照产量水平,将6个玉米品种可分为三个类型,陕单8806与京单28达到11000kg/hm~2以上,登海601、陕单602达到9870kg/ha以上,陕单604、陕单605达8870 kg/hm~2以上。2.6个玉米品种的群体干物质积累过程可用“Logistic”曲线进行拟合,拟合精度达到了极显著水平。花后干物质积累量与产量的关系密切,京单28、陕单8806花后干物质积累量占总生物量的64.53%、69.77%,而陕单604、陕单605花后干物质积累量占总生物量的58.41%、57.21% ,表明花后光合产物的积累量决定了籽粒产量,高产品种表现为干物质积累量大、特别是花后干物质积累量大。3、茎杆、鞘、叶片和苞叶干物积累均呈先增长后下降的单峰曲线,生育后期不同玉米品种各器官干物质的减少量与下降速率的差异明显。茎和鞘转移的干物质对籽粒的贡献率最大,叶片与苞叶次之。陕单8806、京单28花后干物质的转移对籽粒的贡献率分别为46.36 %、45.96 %;而陕单604、陕单605花后干物质的转移对籽粒的贡献率分别为30.15%、27.60%,说明高产品种表现为花后干物质的转移对籽粒的贡献率高。4、陕单8806、京单28与陕单604、陕单605相比较,叶面积系数大、叶绿素含量(SPAD值)高、叶片净光合速率(Pn)高,且吐丝至成熟期下降速度较小,说明良好的光合特性是玉米品种高产的生理基础。5.不同品种玉米的籽粒形成过程可用y=k/(1+a*exp(-b*x))“Logistic”曲线进行拟合,拟合精度达到了极显著水平,陕单8806、京单28表现为平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率大的特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 High-yield varieties are one of the important factors for maize yield, dry matter production, transportation and distribution is important to production. The density of the 6 maize hybrid( (ShanDan 8806, ShanDan 602, ShanDan 604, ShanDan 605, DengHai 601, JingDan 28) was 75 000 plants/ha. After the survey of dry matter accumulation, leaf area, photosynthetic characteristic parameters, grain filling rate, different physical parameters of dry matter accumulation of maize varieties, transportation and distribution and yield formation, we got the results :1. According to the level of output, six maize varieties can be divided into three types, ShanDan8806 and JingDan 28 reached 11000kg/ ha; DengHai 601andShanDan602 reached 9870kg/ha; ShanDan 604 and ShanDan 605 reached 8870 kg/ha.2.The group dry matter accumulation of the 6 maize varieties fit "Logistic curve," and precision reached significant level.Dry matter accumulation after flowering deciside the seeds yield., Dry matter accumulation after flowering of biomass of ShanDan 8806 and JingDan 28 were 64.53%、69.77% ,while ShanDan 604 and ShanDan 605 were 58.41%、57.21%。So total dry matter accumulation determines the grain yield, especially the dry matter accumulation after flowering.3. The trend of stem, leaf ,sheath and bracts proved were all single-peak curve, the dry matter reduction and rate of different maize varieties decline significantly. The contribution to seeds from Stem and sheath was larger than leaf and bracts. The contribution to seeds after flowering of ShanDan 8806 and JingDan 28 was 46.36 % and 45.96 % respectively, while ShanDan 604 and ShanDan 605 was27.60% and 30.15% respectively. So the high contribution to seeds from dry matter after flowering is the feature of the high-yield varieties.4.Comparied with ShanDan 8806、JingDan 28 and ShanDan 604、ShanDan 605,the value of the former is larger than the latter and less decline to maturity on leaf area index,SPADof chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and Pn. good photosynthetic characteristics is physiological basis of high-yielding maize varietie.5.The grain filling process of different varieties can be fit with Logistic curve y=k/(1+a*exp(-b*x)) , fitting precision reached significant level, the average rate and the largest rate of grouting of ShanDan 8806 and JingDan 28 was maximum.更多还原