【作者】 刘艳敏；

【导师】 王惠生；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 植物资源学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 沼气工程的构建,是为了解决规模化畜禽养殖场产生的大量粪污,科学合理的利用粪污资源,解决周边环境污染与能源短缺等问题的有效方法。沼气厌氧发酵装置是整个工程的核心。静态发酵的沼气池运行一段时间后,发酵料液因原料比重问题,自然沉降出现分层,严重影响沼气池的正常产气,降低了畜禽粪污处理的效率与效益。我们在总结现有厌氧发酵池缺少有效的搅拌、布料、接种等装置的基础上,设计开发并安装了沼气工程厌氧反应器一种多功能装置。多功能装置本体为‘人’字形砖混毛墙结构,砖混毛墙上部两边墙体上设置有接种管,接种管管体伸出墙体内外,装置本体内部下方为沼气微生物富集增殖床,装置本体外部前端设有与防静电罗茨鼓风机连接的气体强制搅拌主管道,气体强制搅拌主管道与设置于装置本体上的气动搅拌喷头连通。本装置集气动搅拌与生物集气自动搅拌为一体,具有折流、布料、固菌、接种、气动搅拌、破壳等功能。‘人’字形两边墙体对刚进入沼气池内的料液起摩擦降低料液流速的作用,料液沿水平方向顺装置多方位立体折流、布料进入包埋管网,淌入沼气微生物富集增殖床,与沼气微生物菌种充分接触,接种后自上而下、自内而外折流、布料。气体经过防静电罗茨鼓风机循环加压后,产生强大气流,池内下部沉淀层被吹起,沼液随气流泡沫上下翻腾,将上部浮渣层击碎,使料液均衡的悬浮在沼气池内。为了验证多功能装置的科学性与实用性,本文进行了该装置的气动搅拌方法试验。测定沼气池的日产气量,以无气动搅拌沼气池的日产气量为对照,选出该装置气动搅拌方法的最优组合。采用两因素四水平试验,两因素为搅拌间隔时间与搅拌持续时间,四水平为12小时、24小时、36小时、48小时,6分钟、9分钟、12分钟、15分钟,共16次处理试验。试验结果表明:1.搅拌间隔时间为24小时,搅拌持续时间为15分钟的组合,日产气量最高,相对于无气动搅拌沼气池的日产气量,增加了40.70%;搅拌间隔时间为24小时,搅拌持续时间为12分钟的组合,日产气量次之,相对于无气动搅拌沼气池的日产气量,增加了40.65%;搅拌间隔时间为48小时,搅拌持续时间为6分钟的组合,日产气量最低,相对于无气动搅拌沼气池的日产气量,增加了11.79%;遵循低成本、高效益原则得出,搅拌间隔时间为24小时,搅拌持续时间为12分钟的组合最优。2.在搅拌间隔时间相同,搅拌持续时间不同的情况下,日产气量随着搅拌持续时间的延长而增加;在搅拌持续时间相同,搅拌间隔时间为12小时和24小时的情况下,随着间隔时间的延长,日产气量增加;在搅拌持续时间相同,搅拌间隔时间为24小时、36小时和48小时的情况下,随着间隔时间的延长,日产气量降低。更多还原

【Abstract】 Construction of biogas project is effective way to solve large-scale livestock farms produce a lot of dung, a scientific and rational use of dung resources to solve the surrounding issues such as environmental pollution and energy shortages. Anaerobic digestion biogas plant is the core of the whole project. Static fermentation digester running for some time, the fermentation solid to liquid ratio for the problem of raw materials, natural subsidence appears stratified, seriously affected the normal digester gas, reduces the efficiency and effectiveness of animal waste treatments. We summarize the current lack of effective anaerobic fermentation tank mixing, cloth, vaccination and other devices based on the design and installation of a biogas anaerobic reactor, a multifunctional device.Multi-function device body for the ’people’ chevron wool brick wall structure, wool brick wall on both sides of the wall to set the department has inoculated tubes, inoculated tube inside and outside the body out of the wall, the device ontology enrichment within the microbial proliferation under the bed for the gas, the device body with an external front-end connection with the anti-static blower forced mixing of gas main channel, gas forced mixing head road and set the decice on the body of the pneumatic mixing nozzles connected.The device set pneumatic gas mixing and automatic mixing of biomass as a whole, with baffle, fabric, solid, inoculation, air stirring, broken shells and other functions. ’people’ device either side of the wall on just the material into the digester liquid from friction and reduce the feed flow rate, liquid level Fangxiang Shun device along the horizontal direction smooth multi-faceted three-dimensional baffle, fabric embedded into the pipe network, Trickle into the rich microbial proliferation bed methane, and methane have full access to microbial strains, inoculated from top to bottom, from inside to outside baffle and fabric. Gas circulating through the anti-static blower pressurized to produce strong air flow, lower sedimentation tanks was blown layer, slurry writhed up and down with the air bubble will break up the upper layer of scum, so that liquid material suspended in the digester in a balanced.This was the device’s pneumatic test mixing method inorder to verify muti-function devices of practical science. Determination of daily digester gas production to non-air mixing digester gas production for the control, select the installation method of the optimum combination of air stirring. Four-level two-factor test, the time interval between the two factors for the stirring and mixing duration, four levels for 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours, 6 minutes, 9 minutes, 12 minutes, 15 minutes, a total of 16 treatment trial. The results showed that:1. Mixing interval of 24 hours duration of 15 minutes stirring the combination of the highest gas production, compared with no air stirring daily digester gas production, an increase of 40.70%; Mixing interval of 24 hours duration of 12 minutes stirring combination of gas production times, compared to non-air mixing on digester gas production, an increase of 40.65%; Mixing interval of 48 hours duration of 6 minutes stirring the combination, on the lowest gas production, compared to non-air mixing on digester gas production, an increase of 11.79%; Following the cost-effectiveness principle reached, stirring interval of 24 hours duration of 12 minutes stirring combination of the best.2. Under the same interval in the stirring, mixing of different duration, gas production continued with the stirring time increased; under the same duration in the mixing, stirring interval of 12 hours and 24 hours, with the interval of time, gas production increased; under the same duration in the mixing, stirring interval of 24 hours, 36 hours and 48 hours, with the interval of time, gas production decreased.更多还原