【作者】 唐瑜；

【导师】 朱瑞祥；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着国民经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高,人们对驾驶舒适性的要求越来越高,而农机的作业环境非常恶劣,劳动强度很高,特别是坡地作业,长期从事农机作业将严重影响驾驶员的身体健康,世界各发达国家都在积极对农机驾驶的舒适性进行研究。我国有大量的缓坡耕地,坡地扭腰作业会对驾驶员的身体造成严重损伤,因此,在我国更有必要对农机驾驶舒适性做出研究。本文旨在设计一种农机驾驶座椅自动调平系统,在从事坡地作业时,能够自动调节驾驶员的坐姿,使驾驶员保持在水平坐姿下操作,从而降低劳动强度、保证驾驶员身体健康以及提高耕作效率。同时在坡度过大、农机有可能发生翻倾危险时,系统将发出报警信号,提醒驾驶员安全作业。本研究借助传感器技术、电液技术、计算机技术等现代技术,对调平系统中的信号采集模块、控制模块和执行机构三个部分进行了设计:(1)信号采集模块采用倾角传感器采集机身和驾驶座椅的倾角信息,控制模块以单片机为核心,执行机构选用液压系统,由单片机控制油缸活塞杆的动作,从而对座椅的水平位置做出调节;(2)硬件系统由单片机及其外围电路组成,包括数据采集、显示、继电器驱动、蜂鸣器驱动等模块,完成对驾驶座椅和机身倾角信号的接收、处理和显示,并以此为依据,驱动继电器和蜂鸣器工作;(3)软件控制系统应用C语言进行程序的编译,主要包括主程序、数据采集子程序、显示子程序和控制输出子程序;(4)应用Proteus进行了控制系统的模拟仿真,并搭建电路板,对硬件电路设计和软件系统控制进行了测试,验证了系统的可行性。本文设计的农机驾驶座椅自动调平系统,通过实验和仿真达到了预期的要求,在不超出安全工作角度时执行调平工作,超出时报警。另外,对液压系统的控制,既可以自动控制,也可以手动控制,这样驾驶员就可以根据需要将驾驶座椅调到理想的位置,对提高农机作业的舒适性和安全性具有重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of national economy and people’s living standard, the demand of driving comfort is higher and higher. The working environment of is very bad, very labor-intensive. It’s labor-intensive by operating agricultural machinery, especially in sloping fields. It will seriously affect driver’s physical health by engaging in agricultural work long time. So the research on driving comfort of is going on in every developed country of the world. There is plenty of sloping farmland in our county, and sloping operation would cause serious injury to drivers. Therefore, it’s necessary to do research on comfort of agricultural machinery.This paper aims to design an automatic leveling system of drivers’seat on agricultural machinery. When working on sloping fields, the system can adjust the drivers to level sitting position automatically and reduce the labor intensity to ensure the health of drivers and improve farming efficiency, so as to ensure the health of drivers and improve farming efficiency. When the slope is too large and the agricultural machinery may overturn, the system will send alarm signals to the drivers.In this study, the signal acquisition module, control module and the Implementing mechanism are designed using Sensor technology, electro-hydraulic technology, computer technology and so on and the following results and conclusions are obtained:(1) Level sensor is used to collect the inclination of the driver’seat and fuselage. MCU is used as the core of the control module. Hydraulic system is selected as the implementing mechanism. The cylinder piston is controlled by microcomputer and its movement will adjust the horizontal position of the seat.(2) Hardware system consists of MCU and its peripheral circuits, including data acquisition, display, relay driver, buzzer driver modules, and its task is to receive, process and display the angle signal of driver’seat and fuselage, and drive the relay and the buzzer.(3) Software control system includes the main program, the data collection routines, display routines, and control output subroutines which are compiled by C language.(4) The control system is simulated in Proteus and circuit boards are built to test the hardware and software system which verify the feasibility of the system.The automatic leveling system of driver’seat achieves the expected demand through experiments and simulation. It will implement leveling working when the fuselage is in safety angles, or alarms. In addition, the hydraulic systems can be controlled by both automatic controlling system and human beings, so that, drivers can adjust the seats to the desired position. It has a great significance to improve the comfort and safety of agricultural machinery.更多还原