【作者】 张敬莉；

【导师】 张硕新； 毛晓利；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 生态学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 一个地区的景观布局是否合理,直接影响到地区的经济发展和生态环境。景观布局不合理可能造成水土流失,边缘效应加剧,生物多样性丧失,物种灭绝率升高等恶果。本文通过分析岐山县16年来的景观格局变迁,得出了该县的景观格局变化结果及其可能的生态与社会后果,从而提出可能的对策,以促进其景观格局的合理化,以及经济与生态环境的协调发展。本文将遥感与地理信息系统相结合。将岐山县卫星遥感影像在计算机上进行校正和解译,并在ArcGIS9.2中以经校正后的影像为底图,用不同颜色代表不同的土地利用类型,根据底图绘制出多层shapefile文件。然后在ArcGIS9.2中将绘制出的多层shapefile文件叠加在《岐山县行政图》上,添加地名、图例,制成《岐山县土地利用现状图》。同时从ArcGIS9.2中导出数据进行进一步分析。数据分析工作将ArcGIS9.2中归类出的49个土地利用类型归并为7个景观类型(耕地、林地、未利用土地、水域、牧草地、居民点及工矿交通用地、园地)。利用ArcGIS9.2中导出的斑块类型、斑块面积、斑块数目等数据,计算出了各景观类型的总面积、距离指数、破碎度和分离度,以及研究区的景观多样性指数。结果表明16年间岐山县景观多样性提高,林地与牧草地面积增加,耕地减少,居民点及工矿交通用地明显增加,未利用土地几乎耗竭。这些表明该县生态环境有所改善,但人地矛盾愈发加重,生态脆弱和水土流失的隐患并未消失,并有发生粮食危机的可能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Whether a region’s landscape is rational which influences directly on its economic development and ecological environment. If landscape distribution is irrational, it may lead to disastrous effects such as water and soil erosion, edge effect aggravation, biological diversity loss and species extinction rate rise. This thesis analyzed the landscape change during 16 years in Qishan, reached the landscape change result, and brought up some reasonable ways to deal with the change, and to optimize its landscape distribution, and to coordinate its economy and ecosystem.This thesis integrated RS and GIS. Rectified Qishan’s RS images on computer, and used the rectified images as base maps in ArcGIS9.2, used different colors for different land utilization types to draw layers of SHP files on the basis of the base map. Then superposed all the SHP files upon“Qishan Administration Map”in ArcGIS9.2, with place name and legend added, made it a "Contemporary Land Utilization Map of Qishan". At the same time, had data exported from ArcGIS9.2 for further analyzing.The data analyzing work was to incorporate the 49 land utilization types from ArcGIS9.2 into 7 landscape patterns (farmland, forest, unutilized land, water area, pasture, land for resident/industry/mining/traffic, and fruit garden). Use the data from ArcGIS9.2 such as patch type, patch area, patch numbers; the area, distance index, fragmentation index and isolation index of each landscape pattern, and the landscape diversity index of the whole region, was calculated out.The result showed that the landscape diversity index of Qishan had raised in the 16 years. Forest and pasture had increased, and farmland had decreased. Lands for resident/industry/mining/traffic increased obviously. And the "unutilized land" had been almost used up. These showed that the ecological environment had been improved, but the conflict between population and land had really become more serious. The hidden danger of ecological fragility and soil erosion had not been disappeared, and may lead to food crisis.更多还原