【作者】 秦后升；

【导师】 张金铣；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 中国古代史， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 自安史之乱以后,藩镇割据成为制约唐朝内外政策和国力恢复的重要因素。代宗时期,刚刚经历大乱之后唐朝承认安史残余势力割据,德宗试图削平叛镇,结果以失败告终,被迫采取姑息政策。元和时期,宪宗在宰臣支持下,整顿吏治,采取强硬政策,平定各地叛乱藩镇,史家称之“元和中兴”。论文主要考察宪宗平定藩镇叛乱及其相关问题,论文重视考察宪宗平定藩镇的客观条件和主观努力,详细分析历次对藩镇战争的过程。本文大体上可以分为四个部分。第一部分为本文第一章,主要讨论元和初年的藩镇形势以及宪宗朝对藩镇政策。论文考察各种类型的藩镇及其分布,以及这些藩镇与朝廷的关系,分析朝廷对藩镇政策的形成及其原因。第二部分由第二、三、四章组成,从政治、经济、民族关系角度,分析元和平定藩镇战争的主要影响因素和条件。其中第二章考察中央决策机制和对军事决策的影响,分析宰相和翰林学士在决策中的地位,并对宦官势力的影响进行较为客观的评价。第三章分析元和时期的财政、军事供给对平叛战争的影响,特别是考察“两税法”和“三司使”体制所起的作用。第四章从民族关系的角度,考察平定藩镇战争时的外部环境。元和时期,唐与南诏、回鹘关系稳定,与吐蕃基本保持和平状态。这种状况,有利于唐内部平定藩镇措施的实施。同时,边防问题仍然存在,一定程度上仍制约内部事务处理。第三部分包括第五章和第六章,详细考证历次战争起因、进程及结局等问题,唐宪宗在位前后约十五年,元和对藩镇战争主要集中在前五年和后五年,可据此将元和平定藩镇的战争分成前后两个时期。元和元年,宪宗打破贞元以来对藩镇妥协的惯例,派兵平定西川刘闢叛乱,开始了元和平叛战争。此后在平叛中相继取得胜利。元和五年,宪宗试图收复成德,战争以妥协的方式告终。元和九年,朝廷再次发动攻势,平定淮西吴元济、淄青李师道,再次讨伐成德,河朔诸镇不得不归附,出现所谓“元和中兴”之局。第四部分即第七章,对“元和中兴”的成就和局限进行总结。元和年间对藩镇的斗争,打击了藩镇势力,维护了唐朝的统一。但由于未能根除藩镇势力的基础,留下隐患。加上后来若干处置不当,唐宪宗去世后,河朔地区又重新割据,终唐之世未能有所改变。更多还原

【Abstract】 After "AnShi Rebellion", FanZhen separatist rule became a important factor which restricted domestic/foreign policy and recovery of nation’s power. In Dai Zong Emperor dynasty period, after having just experienced the great rebellion, Tang dynasty recognized the AnShi remnants regime.De Zong Emperor attempted to suppress FanZhen, but failed, and forced to adopt appeasement policy. Xian Zong Emperor who was supported by his the prime ministers，rectified official managements, adopted a tough policy, then put down the great rebellion throughout. Historians called it " Yuan He Reanimation ".This article mainly researches pacification of FanZhen rebellion, especially focuses on the objective conditions/ subjective effort, and verifies process of the wars. The article can be divided into four parts.The first part of the article is reflected by the first chapter. The first chapter mainly discusses the four types of Fanzhen and their situation.This chapter reviews fanzhens’distribution, relationships between FanZhen and Tang and reasons for policy formation to FanZhen.The second part was reflected by the second chapter/the third chapter and the fourth chapter.The second chapter, analyses the central decision-making mechanism and impacts on military decision-making, the status of prime ministers’ and Hanlin Academicians’decision-making and gives an objective evaluation on eunuchs force’s impacts.The third Chapter, from an economic point of view,analyses the financial situation which has impact on military supplies. In Yuanhe period, the features of financial system embodied in the "Two Statement" and " Three Department Emissary" systems. The fourth chapter reveals the external environment of implementation to pacificate Fanzhen’s wars. During Yuanhe period, Tang Dynasty had a stable relationship with NanZhao、HuHhui and had remained peaceful with TuBo.This condition was used to pacify Fanzheno Meanwhile, the border problem had persisted, to some extent still restricted internal affairs processing.The third part is reflectsed by the fifth chapter and the sixth chapter, analyses and researches Causes/course/results of wars. XianZong Emperor was in bit about fifteen years.YuanHe quelling FanZhen war mainly happened in the first and the last five years. Therefore, it can be divided into two periods of the early and late.The fifth chapter is in the the early content.The first year of YuanHe, XianZong Emperor resolutely decided to break the compromise custom to FanZhen, pacified Liu Pi’s rebellion in Jiannan-Xichuan, and had gotten many positive effects. In YuanHe the fourth year to the fifth year, XianZong Emperor tried to recover the north of yellow river FanZhen, Chende’s power, but failed, and the war ended with compromising. Since then to Yuanhe ninth year,XianZong Emperor had to re-examine the north of yellow river’s forces and suspend the war, paid more attention to adjust and reform the internal system. The later content is in the sixth chapter, XianZong Emperor launched a vast scale counter-insurgency war. In the ninth year of YuanHe. The Tang dynasty launched the conquest of Huai River west Fanzhen. the Tang dynasty finally won the Huaixi battle.Then ChenDe submitted, and ZiQing changed sides, WeiBo、LuLong also surrender in succession, no a local despot military governors any more. There has been so-called" Yuanhe Reanimation ".The fourth part reflects by the seventh chapter,summarizes the whole text, points out positive significances and shortcomings of "Yuanhe Reanimation".YuanHe time Tang maintainned central authority, cracked down on FanZhen separatist rule; Meanwhile,it had bad impacts on future generations. In fact," Yuanhe Reanimation" had lots of hidden troubles. XianZong Emperor was premature death, then the north of yellow river FanZhen rejuvenated. The situation couldnot change anymore,throughout the late Tang dynasty更多还原